TY - JOUR AU - Kizik, Edmund PY - 2015/01/01 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Współpraca Izydora Gulgowskiego z gdańskim Kunstverein w roku 1909. U źródeł ceramiki nowokaszubskiej JF - Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej JA - KHKM VL - 63 IS - 3 SE - Studia i materiały DO - UR - https://journals.iaepan.pl/khkm/article/view/863 SP - 495-510 AB - <p><span style="left: 135.39px; top: 681.78px; font-family: serif; font-size: 14.16px; transform: scaleX(0.999493);">IZYDOR GULGOWSKI’S COOPERATION WITH THE DANZIG KUNSTVEREIN </span><span style="left: 197.71px; top: 698.44px; font-family: serif; font-size: 14.16px; transform: scaleX(0.995264);">IN 1909. ON THE ROOTS OF NEO-KASHUBIAN POTTERY</span></p><p><span style="left: 123.5px; top: 744.62px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.986939);">Pottery and embroidery are extraordinarily important markers of contemporary Kashubian </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 763.28px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.996182);">identity. Products of the pottery workshop of the Necel family of Chmielno, which is still ope-</span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 781.95px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.995793);">rating, as well as embroidery from Wdzydze, have been the topic of many folklore studies and </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 800.62px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.999781);">ethnographic analyses. </span><span style="left: 123.5px; top: 819.28px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.9852);">Nevertheless, although the phenomenon and its contemporary continuations are well </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 837.95px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.966939);">documented, the factors that shaped Kashubian folk crafts before WW I are still poorly explored. <span style="left: 93.5px; top: 105.28px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.00384);">It is not widely known in what circumstances Fryderyk Necel (1868-1935) started making or-</span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 123.95px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.0237);">namented pottery, where he found inspiration, how much pottery he produced; similarly, his </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 142.62px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.999764);">prices and buyers before 1914 are not known. </span><span style="left: 123.5px; top: 161.28px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.02667);">The objective of the article is to reconstruct the actions taken from March to December </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 179.95px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.977253);">1909, which led to the fi</span><span style="left: 240.39px; top: 179.95px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.986965);"> rst appearance of Kashubian “folk” pottery on the art market in Danzig </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 198.62px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.996699);">(Gdańsk). The discussion is based on previously unexplored archival and press material, espe-</span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 217.28px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.988719);">cially correspondence between a Pole, Izydor Gulgowski (1874–1925) and a German, Dr Ernst </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 235.95px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.994419);">Goeritz (1873–1931) (the State Archive in Gdańsk, fi</span><span style="left: 425.84px; top: 235.95px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.00116);"> les no 361/125 and 361/129). Gulgowski </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 254.61px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.985132);">was a teacher, a social activist and an organizer of the open-air ethnographic museum in Wdzy-</span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 273.28px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.962912);">dze near Kościerzyna; he also sat on the board of the Polish-German research association “Verein </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 291.95px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.00531);">für kaschubische Volkskunde”. Goeritz was a municipal clerk and head of the Danzig Kunst-</span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 310.61px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.959129);">verein, an institution that organized art exhibitions. Pointing out the popularity of (neo)Kashubian </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 329.28px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.948467);">embroidery, which had been created by his wife several years before, Gulgowski suggested </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 347.94px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.912448);">organizing an exhibition of Kashubian art (March 1909). Goeritz liked the idea and invited </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 366.61px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.987923);">some of his acquaintances to cooperate. The initiators decided that it would be most interesting </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 385.27px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.00744);">to present pottery but no items could be found so they asked Fryderyk Necel (Fritz Nötzel) to </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 403.94px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.982133);">prepare Kashubian-style exhibits. Ornaments were designed by a Danzig painter, Bertold </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 422.61px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.985225);"> Hellingrath, on the basis of Gulgowski’s collection, while technological issues were taken care </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 441.27px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.01433);">of by Dr Hermann Phleps from the Technische Hochschule, an expert on folk art. Necel exe-</span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 459.94px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.01547);">cuted this commission superbly and in December 1909 his pottery sold extremely well at the </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 478.6px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.01636);">Christmas Fair. The range of items and their prices are known; the initiative was commented </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 497.27px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.942694);">on by local German-language newspapers. The works of the pottery master from Chmielno, </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 515.94px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.00345);">who quickly became independent and gained renown, were eagerly bought by German enthu-</span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 534.6px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.999187);">siasts of folklore as well as by Poles who holidayed in Sopot (Zoppot) before WWII. </span><span style="left: 123.5px; top: 553.27px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.939557);">The village craftsman quickly turned into a successful folk artist; his pottery fi</span><span style="left: 630.74px; top: 553.27px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.03607);"> gured in </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 571.93px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.00068);">many, not only local, exhibitions, becoming a trademark of the Kashubian movement on a par </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 590.6px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.00938);">with embroidery. The true origin of his pottery and its design were soon blurred by imprecise </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 609.27px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(1.0185);">relations and then forgotten for good as a result of the resurrection of an independent Poland </span><span style="left: 93.5px; top: 627.93px; font-family: serif; font-size: 15.83px; transform: scaleX(0.99881);">embracing Pomerania and Kashubia after WWI.</span></span></p> ER -