Ptolemais : the layout of the city and the organization of public space
Keywords:
starożytna Libia, miasta starożytne -- Libia, urbanistyka starożytna, Tolmeita, Cyrenajka (Libia)Abstract
The article presents the results of the topographical survey in Ptolemais, conducted since 2004 using mainly non-invasive methods. The main goals of the study were the layout of the city grid and the planning of public space. Apart from the remains of the residential (including some monumental in character)and commercial architecture, the prospection of a larger area resulted in uncovering the ruins of public buildings,both secular (baths, porticoes, fountains, and nymphaea) and sacral (temples and churches). The remainsincluded also military installations - forts and barracks, defensive walls complete with gates, as well as preserved fragments of the transport system - passageways between insulae, streets of various width, paved publicsquares, and the facilities in the portside quarter of the city. The article yields not only a commentary on the maps which display the results of the hitherto geophysical prospection and topographical survey, but also provides a wider archaeological and historical context of the development of North African cities from the Hellenistic period through the late Antiquity
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References
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Boatwright, M. T., 2000, Hadrian and the cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 182
Bogacki, M., 2012, Archaeological kite aerial photography in Ptolemais in years 2006-2008. In: J. Żelazowski (ed.), Ptolemais. 1, Studies in memory of Tomasz Mikocki. Warszawa
Bukechiem, A. A., 1993, Utilisation of groundwater in Jebel el Akhdar, North-East Libya, as a basis of agricultural improvement with special emphasis on the El Marj Plain. LibSt 24, 123
Caputo, G., 1954, La protezione dei monumenti di Tolemaide negli anni 1935-1942. QuadALibya 3, 33-66
Caputo, G., 1955, Note sugli edifici teatrali della Cirenaica I.n: Anthemon. Scritti di archeologia e antichita classiche in onore di Carlo Anti. Firenze, 281-291
Carra Bona-Casa, R. M., La basilica occidentale di Tolemaide dai dati di scavo al pro getto. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 215-225
Castagnoli, F., 1956, Ippodamo di Mileto e l'urbanistica a pianta ortogonale, Roma, 13-59
Chamoux, F., 1959, Cyrene sous la monarchie des Battiades, Paris
Cohen, G. M., 2006, The Hellenistic settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa, Berkeley, 68-70
Dalla Rosa, A., Sulle fonti relative alle dispute confinarie nelle province romane, . Zeitschrift für Papirologie und Epigraphik 160, 235-246
Dunin- Wąsowicz, A., 1987, Zagospodarowanie przestrzenne antycznych miast greckich. Bibliotheca Antiqua 16, Wrocław
Elmayer, A. F. Maehler, H., boundary inscription from Roman Cyrenaica. Zeitschrift für Papirologie und Epigraphik 164, 136-138
Errington, R. M., 2010, A history of the Hellenistic world (Historia świata hellenistycznego 323-30 p.n.e.). Kraków, 122
Flensted-Jensen, P., Hansen, M. H., 1996, Pseudo-Skylax : use of the term polis. In: M. H. Hansen, K. Raaflaub (eds.), More studies in the ancient Greek polis. Papers from the Copenhagen Polis Centre 3, Historia. Einzelschriften 108, Stuttgart, 137-167
Forti, S., 2009, Il contributo della documentazione del Fondo Caputo per la ricostruzione dell'attivita archeologica italiana in Libia. QuadALibya 20, 171-177
Gasparini, E., Edilizia domestica e autorappresentazione a Tolemaide nelperiodo tardo antico. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 157-186
Giuliano, A., 1966, Urbanistica delle citta greche. Milano, 56
Goodchild, R. G., 1976 The Forum of Ptolemais (Cyrenaica). In: J. Reynolds (ed.), Libyan Studies. Select Papers of the late R.G. Goodchild, London, 210-215
Greco, E., Torelli, M., 1983, Storia dell'urbanistica. Il mondo Greco. Roma-Bari, 339-340
Hamilton, J., 1856, Wanderings in North Africa, London
Hansen, M. H., 2011, Polis. Wprowadzenie do dziejów greckiego miasta-panstwa w starożytności. Warszawa (original title: Polis. An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State, Oxford, 111-116
Huss, W., 2008, Zur Gründung von "Arsinoe bei Kyrene". Zeitschrift für Papirologie und Epigraphik 165, 58
Kraeling, C. H., 1962, Ptolemais : city of the Libyan Pentapolis, Chicago, 38 i 20-27
Laronde, A., 1987, Cyrene et la Libye hellenistique. Libykai historiai de l'epoque republicaine au principat d'Auguste. Paris, 400
Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G., 2001, The decline and fall of the Roman city, Oxford, 1-11 i 29-103
Lloyd, J. A., 1977, The Geographical Background. In: J. A. Lloyd (ed.), Excavations at Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi (Berenice). Vol. 1, Buildings, coins, inscriptions, architectural decoration. Supplement to Libya Antiqua 5, London, 1-7
Luni, M., I ginnasi a Tolemaide e in citta della Cirenaica in eta tolemaica,. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 58-84
Małkowski, W., 2009, The city plan of Ptolemais, In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 125-132
Małkowski, W., Misiewicz, K., 2010, Topographical and geophysical prospection, in: T. MIKOCKI et al., Polish archaeological research in Ptolemais (Cyrenaica) in years 2001-2007, LibAnt 5, 105
Małkowski, W., Żelazowski, J., 2012, Some remarks on the history and topography of Ptolemais in the light of Polish research. In: J. Żelazowski (ed.), Ptolemais. 1, Studies in memory of Tomasz Mikocki. Warszawa
Martin, R., 1956, L'urbanisme dans la Grece antique. Paris, 253-286
Martin, R., 1959, Recherches sur l'agora grecque : études d'histoire et d'architecture urbaines. Paris, 279-446
Misiewicz, K., At search of the forum at Ptolemais : interpretation of results of geophysical surveys at the central part of the City. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 133-145
Misiewicz, K., 2012, Geophysical prospection in Ptolemais - interim report. In: J. Żelazowski (ed.), Ptolemais. 1, Studies in memory of Tomasz Mikocki. Warszawa
Misiewicz, K., 2009-2010 (2011) Non-invasive survey of Christian Basilicas at Ptolemais. Światowit 8 (49), fasc. A, 31-37
Misiewicz, K., Małkowski, W., Muszyńska, M., 2008 (2010), The topography of Ptolemais :. preliminary results of geophysical surveys. Archeologia 59, 73-80
Misiewicz, K., Małkowski, W., Muszyńska, M., 2010, The Topography of Ptolemais. Results of Non-Destructive Survey Campaigns (2002-2005). In: M. Luni (ed.), Cirene e la Cirenaica nell'antichita.. Monografie di Archeologia Libica 30, Roma, 197-203
Mueller, K., 2004, Dating the Ptolemaic city foundations in Cyrenaica : a brief note. LibSt 35, 1-10
Ottone, G., 2002, Libyka : testimonianze e frammenti. Tivoli, 489-493
Porcher, E. A., Smith, R. M., 1864 History of the recent discoveries at Cyrene made during an expedition to the Cyrenaica in 1860-1861 under the auspices of Her Majesty's government by captain R. Murdoch Smith, R.E. and commander E.A. Porcher, R.N., London, 65-67
Pseudo-Scylax, 1882, Periplus, 108, ed. C. Müllerus, Geographi Graeci Minores. Vol. I, Parisiis, 83
Rekowska-Ruszkowska, M., 2009, Ptolemais nelle prime ricerche europee : storia delle ricerche dalla visita di Claude Lemaire fino all'occupazione italiana, cioe tra il 1706 e il 1911. In : E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 17-48
Romanelli, P., 1943, La Cirenaica romana (96 a.C. - 642 d.C.). Verbania, 138-141
Roques, D, 1987, Synesios de Cyrene et la Cyrenaique du Bas-Empire, Paris
Steele, J., Alok, E., 1992, Hellenistic Architecture in Asia Minor. London
Stucchi, S., 1975, Architettura cirenaica. Monografie di Archeologia Libica 9, Roma, pl. 3
Traversari, G., 1960, Gli spettacoli in acqua nel teatro tardoantico. Roma, 43-45
Ward-Perkins, J. B. [et al.]., 1986, Town Houses at Ptolemais, Cyrenaica : a summary report of survey and excavation work in 1971, 1978-1979. LibSt 17, 109-153
Ward-Perkins, J. B., Goodchild, R. G.,. Reynold, J., 2003, Christian Monuments of Cyrenaica. Hertford
Żelazowski, J., 2009, Le indagini archeologiche polacche a Ptolemais. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 110-124
Żelazowski, J., 2008, Ptolemais w Cyrenajce i polskie badania archeologiczne. In: P. Jaworski (ed.), Skarb z Ptolemais : katalog wystawy, Zamek Królewski w Warszawie, 15 grudnia 2008 - 15 stycznia 2009, Warszawa, 12-24
Barth, H., 1849, Wanderungen durch die Küstenländer des Mittelmeeres. Berlin
Beechey, F. W., Beechey, H. W., 1828, Proceedings of the Northern Coast of Africa from Tripoly eastward in MDCCCXXI and MDCCCXXII, comprehending an account of the greater Syrtis and Cyrenaica and of the ancient cities composing the Pentapolis. London
Boatwright, M. T., 2000, Hadrian and the cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 182
Bogacki, M., 2012, Archaeological kite aerial photography in Ptolemais in years 2006-2008. In: J. Żelazowski (ed.), Ptolemais. 1, Studies in memory of Tomasz Mikocki. Warszawa
Bukechiem, A. A., 1993, Utilisation of groundwater in Jebel el Akhdar, North-East Libya, as a basis of agricultural improvement with special emphasis on the El Marj Plain. LibSt 24, 123
Caputo, G., 1954, La protezione dei monumenti di Tolemaide negli anni 1935-1942. QuadALibya 3, 33-66
Caputo, G., 1955, Note sugli edifici teatrali della Cirenaica I.n: Anthemon. Scritti di archeologia e antichita classiche in onore di Carlo Anti. Firenze, 281-291
Carra Bona-Casa, R. M., La basilica occidentale di Tolemaide dai dati di scavo al pro getto. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 215-225
Castagnoli, F., 1956, Ippodamo di Mileto e l'urbanistica a pianta ortogonale, Roma, 13-59
Chamoux, F., 1959, Cyrene sous la monarchie des Battiades, Paris
Cohen, G. M., 2006, The Hellenistic settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa, Berkeley, 68-70
Dalla Rosa, A., Sulle fonti relative alle dispute confinarie nelle province romane, . Zeitschrift für Papirologie und Epigraphik 160, 235-246
Dunin- Wąsowicz, A., 1987, Zagospodarowanie przestrzenne antycznych miast greckich. Bibliotheca Antiqua 16, Wrocław
Elmayer, A. F. Maehler, H., boundary inscription from Roman Cyrenaica. Zeitschrift für Papirologie und Epigraphik 164, 136-138
Errington, R. M., 2010, A history of the Hellenistic world (Historia świata hellenistycznego 323-30 p.n.e.). Kraków, 122
Flensted-Jensen, P., Hansen, M. H., 1996, Pseudo-Skylax : use of the term polis. In: M. H. Hansen, K. Raaflaub (eds.), More studies in the ancient Greek polis. Papers from the Copenhagen Polis Centre 3, Historia. Einzelschriften 108, Stuttgart, 137-167
Forti, S., 2009, Il contributo della documentazione del Fondo Caputo per la ricostruzione dell'attivita archeologica italiana in Libia. QuadALibya 20, 171-177
Gasparini, E., Edilizia domestica e autorappresentazione a Tolemaide nelperiodo tardo antico. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 157-186
Giuliano, A., 1966, Urbanistica delle citta greche. Milano, 56
Goodchild, R. G., 1976 The Forum of Ptolemais (Cyrenaica). In: J. Reynolds (ed.), Libyan Studies. Select Papers of the late R.G. Goodchild, London, 210-215
Greco, E., Torelli, M., 1983, Storia dell'urbanistica. Il mondo Greco. Roma-Bari, 339-340
Hamilton, J., 1856, Wanderings in North Africa, London
Hansen, M. H., 2011, Polis. Wprowadzenie do dziejów greckiego miasta-panstwa w starożytności. Warszawa (original title: Polis. An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State, Oxford, 111-116
Huss, W., 2008, Zur Gründung von "Arsinoe bei Kyrene". Zeitschrift für Papirologie und Epigraphik 165, 58
Kraeling, C. H., 1962, Ptolemais : city of the Libyan Pentapolis, Chicago, 38 i 20-27
Laronde, A., 1987, Cyrene et la Libye hellenistique. Libykai historiai de l'epoque republicaine au principat d'Auguste. Paris, 400
Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G., 2001, The decline and fall of the Roman city, Oxford, 1-11 i 29-103
Lloyd, J. A., 1977, The Geographical Background. In: J. A. Lloyd (ed.), Excavations at Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi (Berenice). Vol. 1, Buildings, coins, inscriptions, architectural decoration. Supplement to Libya Antiqua 5, London, 1-7
Luni, M., I ginnasi a Tolemaide e in citta della Cirenaica in eta tolemaica,. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 58-84
Małkowski, W., 2009, The city plan of Ptolemais, In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 125-132
Małkowski, W., Misiewicz, K., 2010, Topographical and geophysical prospection, in: T. MIKOCKI et al., Polish archaeological research in Ptolemais (Cyrenaica) in years 2001-2007, LibAnt 5, 105
Małkowski, W., Żelazowski, J., 2012, Some remarks on the history and topography of Ptolemais in the light of Polish research. In: J. Żelazowski (ed.), Ptolemais. 1, Studies in memory of Tomasz Mikocki. Warszawa
Martin, R., 1956, L'urbanisme dans la Grece antique. Paris, 253-286
Martin, R., 1959, Recherches sur l'agora grecque : études d'histoire et d'architecture urbaines. Paris, 279-446
Misiewicz, K., At search of the forum at Ptolemais : interpretation of results of geophysical surveys at the central part of the City. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 133-145
Misiewicz, K., 2012, Geophysical prospection in Ptolemais - interim report. In: J. Żelazowski (ed.), Ptolemais. 1, Studies in memory of Tomasz Mikocki. Warszawa
Misiewicz, K., 2009-2010 (2011) Non-invasive survey of Christian Basilicas at Ptolemais. Światowit 8 (49), fasc. A, 31-37
Misiewicz, K., Małkowski, W., Muszyńska, M., 2008 (2010), The topography of Ptolemais :. preliminary results of geophysical surveys. Archeologia 59, 73-80
Misiewicz, K., Małkowski, W., Muszyńska, M., 2010, The Topography of Ptolemais. Results of Non-Destructive Survey Campaigns (2002-2005). In: M. Luni (ed.), Cirene e la Cirenaica nell'antichita.. Monografie di Archeologia Libica 30, Roma, 197-203
Mueller, K., 2004, Dating the Ptolemaic city foundations in Cyrenaica : a brief note. LibSt 35, 1-10
Ottone, G., 2002, Libyka : testimonianze e frammenti. Tivoli, 489-493
Porcher, E. A., Smith, R. M., 1864 History of the recent discoveries at Cyrene made during an expedition to the Cyrenaica in 1860-1861 under the auspices of Her Majesty's government by captain R. Murdoch Smith, R.E. and commander E.A. Porcher, R.N., London, 65-67
Pseudo-Scylax, 1882, Periplus, 108, ed. C. Müllerus, Geographi Graeci Minores. Vol. I, Parisiis, 83
Rekowska-Ruszkowska, M., 2009, Ptolemais nelle prime ricerche europee : storia delle ricerche dalla visita di Claude Lemaire fino all'occupazione italiana, cioe tra il 1706 e il 1911. In : E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 17-48
Romanelli, P., 1943, La Cirenaica romana (96 a.C. - 642 d.C.). Verbania, 138-141
Roques, D, 1987, Synesios de Cyrene et la Cyrenaique du Bas-Empire, Paris
Steele, J., Alok, E., 1992, Hellenistic Architecture in Asia Minor. London
Stucchi, S., 1975, Architettura cirenaica. Monografie di Archeologia Libica 9, Roma, pl. 3
Traversari, G., 1960, Gli spettacoli in acqua nel teatro tardoantico. Roma, 43-45
Ward-Perkins, J. B. [et al.]., 1986, Town Houses at Ptolemais, Cyrenaica : a summary report of survey and excavation work in 1971, 1978-1979. LibSt 17, 109-153
Ward-Perkins, J. B., Goodchild, R. G.,. Reynold, J., 2003, Christian Monuments of Cyrenaica. Hertford
Żelazowski, J., 2009, Le indagini archeologiche polacche a Ptolemais. In: E. Jastrzębowska, M. Niewójt (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27-28 maggio 2008, Roma, 110-124
Żelazowski, J., 2008, Ptolemais w Cyrenajce i polskie badania archeologiczne. In: P. Jaworski (ed.), Skarb z Ptolemais : katalog wystawy, Zamek Królewski w Warszawie, 15 grudnia 2008 - 15 stycznia 2009, Warszawa, 12-24
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2010-01-01
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Małkowski, W., Misiewicz, K., & Żelazowski, J. (2010). Ptolemais : the layout of the city and the organization of public space. Archeologia, 61, 15–34. Retrieved from https://journals.iaepan.pl/arch/article/view/514
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