Early Byzantine Residential Architecture in Jiyeh (Porphyreon) after Excavation Seasons in 2012 and 2013

Mariusz Gwiazda; Tomasz Waliszewski

Published: 2014-01-01

Vol. 65 (2014)

Early Byzantine Residential Architecture in Jiyeh (Porphyreon) after Excavation Seasons in 2012 and 2013

Mariusz Gwiazda , Tomasz Waliszewski

Abstract

This article presents the results of current studies of Early Byzantine residential architecture in Jiyeh (ancient Porphyreon) that represents the best preserved remains of architecture of this period on the Lebanese coast. This preliminary characteristic is based on fieldwork carried out in 2012 –13 in the northern, southeastern and western parts of the important housing quarter in Sector D, extended to include the investigations in Sector E in 2013. The discussion draws upon the results of earlier excavation work in Jiyeh (Porphyreon), also taking into account parallels from other Syro-Palestinian sites.

Keywords:

bizantyński o. wczesny -- Liban, Jiyeh (Liban), sprawozdania z badań archeologicznych -- Liban, architektura wczesnobizantyńska, architektura rezydencjalna, domy bizantyńskie, mozaiki bizantyńskie

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Download files

PDF

Citation rules

Gwiazda, M., & Waliszewski, T. (2014). Early Byzantine Residential Architecture in Jiyeh (Porphyreon) after Excavation Seasons in 2012 and 2013. Archeologia, 65, 35–56. Retrieved from https://journals.iaepan.pl/arch/article/view/550

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Abou Diwan, G. 2014. "À propos de l'usage de l'ère sidonienne à Porphyréôn (Jiyeh et Nabi Younès) à l'époque protobyzantine," Chronos 30, 145-163.
Abu Khalaf, M., I. Abu A'mar, S. Al-Houdalieh, and R. Hoyland. 2006. "The Byzantine and Early Islamic Settlement of Khirbat Shuwayka," Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony 1(2), Retrieved from http://www.webjournal.unior.it/Dati/18/5573. Palestina, Abu Khalaf.pdf (accessed: February 2015).
Aubert, C. 2001-2002. "Architecture et décor de la maison hellénistique à Beyrouth," ARAM Periodical 13, 73-85.
Ayalon, E. 1979. "The Jar Installation of Khirbet Sabiya," Israel Exploration Journal 29(3/4), 175-181.
Bopp, E.M. 2003. "Die Bauornamentik in den antiken Wohnhäusern des Hauran," in: K.S. Freyberger, A. Henning, and H. von Hesberg (eds.), Kulturkonflikte im Vorderen Orient an der Wende vom Hellenismus zur römischen Kaiserzeit (OrientArchäologie 11), Rahden, 47-63.
Bopp, E.M. 2006. Die antike Wohnkultur des Hauran in Syrien (Orient-Archäologie 19). Rahden.
Braemer, F. 1995. "Habitat et architecture domestique dans le Levant des âges des métaux. Quelques orientations de la recherche des dix dernières années," Topoi 5(1), 89-110.
Clauss-Balty, P. 2008. "Maisons romano-byzantines dans les villages de Batanée: missions 2002-2004," in: P. Clauss-Balty (ed.), Hauran III. L'habitat dans les campagnes de Syrie du sud aux époques classique et médiévale (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 181), Beirut, 41-104.
Dauphin, C. M. and J. J. Schonfield. 1983. "Settlements of the Roman and Byzantine Periods on the Golan Heights: Preliminary Report on Three Seasons of Survey (1979-1981)," Israel Exploration Journal 33(3/4), 189-206.
Dentzer-Feydy, J. 2008. "Les décor architectural des maisons de Batanée," in: P. Clauss-Balty (ed.), Hauran III. L'habitat dans les campagnes de Syrie du sud aux époques classique et médiévale (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 181), Beirut, 183-232.
de Vries, B. 2000. "Continuity and Change in the Urban Character of the Southern Hauran from the 5th to the 9th Century: The Archaeological Evidence at Umm al-Jimal," Mediterranean Archaeology 13, 39-45.
Domżalski, K., U. Wicenciak, M. el-Tayeb, and T. Waliszewski. 2005. "Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Pottery Production Center at Jiyeh. Rescue Excavations 2004," PAM 16, 429-439.
Duvette, C. 2012. "Le secteur 7, un quartier d'habitat au pied du complexe thermal de Tyr," in: A.-M. Maïla-Afeiche (ed.), L'histoire de Tyr au témoignage de l'archéologie: actes du séminaire international, Tyr 2011 (Bulletin d'archéologie et d'architecture libanaises, Hors-Série 8), Beirut, 157-176.
Dzik, M. 2015. "Preliminary Results from Stratigraphic Analysis of Late Roman and Early Byzantine Architecture of the Residential Quarter in Jiyeh," PAM 24/1, 487-502.
Eichner, I. 2009. "Ländliche Häuser der spätantik-frühbyzantinischen Zeit in Syrien und Kilikien," in: I. Eichner and V. Tsamakda (eds.), Syrien und seine Nachbarn von der Spätantike bis in die islamische Zeit, Wiesbaden, 81-101.
Elayi, J. 1996. "Nouveaux éléments sur le mur à piliers phénicien," Transeuphratène 11, 77-94.
Elayi, J. and H. Sayegh. 2000. Un quartier du port phénicien de Beyrouth au fer III/Perse: Archéologie et histoire (Trans-euphratène Supplément 7), Paris.
Finkielsztejn, G. 2005. "Les mosaïques de la komopolis de Porphyreon du sud (Kfar Samir; Haïfa, Israël): Un évêché (?) entre village et cité," in: H. Morlier (ed.), La mosaïque gréco-romaine IX: Actes du IXe Colloque international pour l'étude de la mosaïque antique et médiévale organisé à Rome, 5-10 novembre 2001, Vol. 1 (Collection de l'École française de Rome 352), Rome, 435-452.
Galili, E. and J. Sharvit. 1999. "Ship Fittings and Devices Used by Ancient Mariners: Finds from Underwater Survey off the Israel Coast," in: H. Tzalas (ed.), 5th International Symposium on Ship Construction in Antiquity, Nauplia, 26, 27, 28 August 1993: Proceedings, Athens, 167-183.
Galor, K. and T. Waliszewski. 2007. "Introducing 'From Antioch to Alexandria' or Why Write about Domestic Architecture in the Greco-Roman Near East," in: K. Galor and T. Waliszew-ski (eds.), From Antioch to Alexandria: Recent Studies in Domestic Architecture, Warsaw, 7 -24.
Gawlikowski, M. 1997. "L'habitat à Palmyre de l'antiquité au Moyen-Age," in: C. Castel, M. al-Maqdissi, and F. Villeneuve (eds.), Les maisons dans la Syrie antique du IIIe millénaire aux débuts de l'Islam: pratiques et représentations de l'espace domestique. Actes du colloque international, Damas, 2730 juin 1992 (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 150), Beirut, 161-166.
Gophna, R. and N. Feig. 1993. "A Byzantine Monastery at Kh. Jemameh," 'Atiqot 22, 97-108.
Gwiazda, M. 2012. "Sunken Vessels in Late Roman and Byzantine Houses in Area D, appendix to: T. Waliszewski, K. Juchniewicz, and M. Gwiazda, Preliminary Report on the 2008 and 2009 Excavation Seasons at Jiyeh (Porphyreon)," PAM 21, 439-440.
Gwiazda, M. 2012. "Preliminary Remarks on Thresholds from Private Houses in Jiyeh (Porphyreon), appendix to: T. Wali-szewski, K. Juchniewicz, and M. Gwiazda, Preliminary Report on the 2008 and 2009 Excavation Seasons at Jiyeh (Porphyreon)," PAM 21, 441-443.
Gwiazda, M. 2014. "Economy of Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine settlement in Jiyeh (Porphyreon), Lebanon," Archeologia 62-63, 2011-2012, 31-44.
Hirschfeld, Y. 1995. The Palestinian Dwelling in the Roman-Byzantine Period (Studium Biblicum Franciscanum. Collectio minor 34), Jerusalem.
Hirschfeld, Y. 2005. "En-Gedi: 'a very large village of Jews'," Liber Annuus 55, 327-354.
Hirschfeld, Y. 2006. "Excavations at Shiqmona - 1994," 'Atiqot 51, 131-143.
Jiménez Vialas, H. and F. Prados Martinez. 2013. "Espacio do-méstico y estructura social en contextos pûnicos," in: S. Gu-tiérrez lloret and I. Grau Mira (eds.), De la estructura domés-tica al espacio social: lecturas arqueológicas del uso social del espacio, San Vicente del Raspeig, 111-126.
Kowarska, Z. and S. Lenarczyk. 2015. "Results of a Survey Conducted in the Area of the Jiyeh Marina Resort Hotel Complex in the 2012 Season," PAM 24/1, 503-515.
Lena, É. 2008. "Le Dar Majarish à Muhajat. Dispositifs spatiaux, systèmes constructifs: une étude de cas," in: P. Clauss-Balty (ed.), Hauran III. L'habitat dans les campagnes de Syrie du sud aux époques classique et médiévale (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 181), Beirut, 105-134.
Merrony, M. W. 2013. Socio-Economic Aspects of Late Roman Mosaic Pavements in Phoenicia and Northern Palestine (British Archeological Reports. International Series 2530), Oxford.
Mills, P. 2013. The Ancient Mediterranean Trade in Ceramic Building Materials: A Case Study in Carthage and Beirut (Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery 2), Oxford.
Moorhead, T.S.N. 1997. "The Late Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad Periods at Tel Jezreel," Tel Aviv 24(1), 129-166.
Naccache, A. 1992. Le décor des églises de villages d'Antiochène du IVe au VIIe siècle (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 144), Paris.
Ortali-Tarazi, R. and T. Waliszewski. 2000. "La mosaïque du Nil découvert à Jiyé," Bulletin d'archéologie et d'architecture libanaises 4, 165-177.
Périssé, I. and L. Nordiguian. 2002. "Sanctuaire romain," in: T. Waliszewski and R. Ortali-Tarazi, "Village romain et byzantin à Chhîm-Marjiyat. Rapport préliminaire (1996-2002)," Bulletin d'archéologie et d'architecture libanaises 6, 29-41.
Perring, D. 2001 -2002. "Beirut in Antiquity: Some Research Directions Suggested by Recent Excavations in the Souks," ARAM Periodical 13, 129-140.
Perring, D. 2003. "The Archaeology of Beirut: a Report on Work in the Insula of the House of the Fountains," Antiquaries Journal 83, 195-229.
Perring, D. 2007. "The Roman and Byzantine Houses of Beirut," in: K. Galor and T. Waliszewski (eds.), From Antioch to Alexandria: Recent Studies in Domestic Architecture, Warsaw, 95-105.
Rey-Coquais, J.-P. 1982. "Inscriptions grecques inédites, découvertes par Roger Saidah," in: Archéologie au Levant: recueil à la mémoire de Roger Saidah (Collection de la Maison de l'Orient méditerranéen 12), Lyon, 395-408.
Saghieh, M. 1996. "BEY 001 and 004 Preliminary Report," Bulletin d'archéologie et d'architecture libanaises 1, 23-59.
Saidah, R. 1977. "Porphyréon du Liban: une Pompéi byzantine enfouie sous le sable," Archeologia 104, 38-43.
Saliou, C. 1992. "Les quatre fils de Polémocratès (P. Dura 19). Texte et archéologie," Syria 69(1), 65-100.
Sheehan, P. 1998. "Mosaics from BEY 006: an Introductory Catalogue," Berytus 43, 147-166.
Sodini, J.-P., G. Tate, B. Bavant, S. Bavant, J.-L. Biscop, D. Ors-saud, C. Morrisson, and F. Poplin. 1980. "Première partie: Étude archéologique des bâtiments 101 à 108," Syria 57(1), 11-181.
Strube, C. 1993. Baudekoration im nordsyrischen Kalksteinmassiv I. Kapitell-, Tür- und Gesimsformen der Kirchen des 4. und 5. Jahrhunderts n. Chr (Damaszener Forschungen 5), Mainz am Rhein.
Strube, C. 2002. Baudekoration im nordsyrischen Kalksteinmassiv II. Das 6. und frühe 7. Jahrhundert (Damaszener Forschungen 11), Mainz am Rhein.
Tal, O. and I. Taxel. 2008. Ramla (South): An Early Islamic Industrial Site and Remains of Previous Periods (Salvage Excavation Reports 5), Tel Aviv.
Tate, G. 1992. Les campagnes de la Syrie du Nord du IIe au VIIe siècle: un exemple d'expansion démographique et économique dans les campagnes à la fin de l'antiquité (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 133), Paris.
Tate, G. 1997. "La maison rurale en Syrie du Nord," in: C. Cas-tel, M. al-Maqdissi, and F. Villeneuve (eds.), Les maisons dans la Syrie antique du IIIe millénaire aux débuts de l'Islam: pratiques et représentations de l'espace domestique. Actes du colloque international, Damas, 27-30juin 1992 (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 150), Beirut, 95-101.
Tate, G., M. Abdulkarim, G. Charpentier, C. Duvette, and C. Piaton. 2013. Sergilla, village d'Apamène I. Une architecture de pierre (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 203), Beirut, 95-101.
Taxel, I. 2009. Khirbet es-Suyyagh: A Byzantine Monastery in the Judaean Shephelah (Salvage Excavation Reports 6), Tel Aviv.
Waliszewski, T. 2000. "Chhîm. Explorations, 1999," PAM 11, 237-245.
Waliszewski, T. 2001. "Chhîm. Explorations, 2000," PAM 12, 297-306.
Waliszewski, T. 2002. "Chhîm. Explorations, 2001," PAM 13, 243-253.
Waliszewski, T. 2002. "Village," in: T. Waliszewski and R. Or-tali-Tarazi, "Village romain et byzantin à Chhîm-Marjiyat. Rapport préliminaire (1996-2002)," Bulletin d'archéologie et d'architecture libanaises 6, 15 -21.
Waliszewski, T. 2003. "Chhîm. Explorations, 2002," PAM 14, 265 -275.
Waliszewski, T. 2004. "Chhîm. Explorations, 2003," PAM 15, 303-310.
Waliszewski, T. 2014. Elaion: Olive Oil Production in Roman and Byzantine Syria-Palestine (PAM Monograph Series 6), Warsaw.
Waliszewski, T., M. Antos, P. Jaworski, P. Makowski, M. Romaniuk, R. Solecki, and A. Szymczak. 2015. "Preliminary Report on the 2012 and 2013 Excavation Seasons at Jiyeh (Porphyreon): Work in Sector D (Residential Quarter)," PAM 24/1, 465-485.
Waliszewski, T. and M. Gwiazda. 2013. "Preliminary Report on the 2010 Excavation Season at Jiyeh (Porphyreon)," PAM 22, 321 -333.
Waliszewski, T. and M. Gwiazda. 2015. "Porphyreon through the Ages: The Fading Archaeological Heritage of the Lebanese Coast," Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies 3(4), 330-348.
Waliszewski, T., K. Juchniewicz, and M. Gwiazda. 2012. "Preliminary Report on the 2008 and 2009 Excavation Seasons at Jiyeh (Porphyreon)," PAM 21, 423-445.
Waliszewski, T. and I. Périssé. 2005. "Chhîm. Explorations 2004," PAM 16, 411-418.
Waliszewski, T. and I. Périssé. 2007. "Chhîm. Explorations 2005," PAM 17, 411-420.
Waliszewski, T., U. Wicenciak, M. El Tayeb, K. Domżalski, A. Wi-tecka, M. Wagner, T. Herbich, I. Noureddine, M. Woźniak, K. Kotlewski, and R. Żukowski. 2006. "Jiyeh (Porphyreon): Hell enistic, Roman and Byzantine settlement on the southern coast of Lebanon. Preliminary report on the 1997 and 20032005 seasons," Bulletin d'archéologie et d'architecture libanaises 10, 5-84.
Waliszewski, T. and U. Wicenciak. 2015. "Jiyeh (Porphyreon). Nouvelles découvertes sur le territoire de Sidon à l'époque hellénistique," Topoi Supplément 13, 155-179. Google Scholar