Published: 2025-12-16

Elements of early modern hand-held firearms from the site of Ciołeks’ castle in Żelechów, Garwolin County

Wojciech Bis , Piotr Strzyż
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
Section: Field Survey and Materials
DOI https://doi.org/10.23858/SA/77.2025.2.4066

Abstract

In 2022, fragments of hand-held firearms were discovered at the site of the castle of the Ciołek family in Żelechów, Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship. Based on the craftsmanship, analogies known from the literature, and museum artefacts, it can be assumed that these were elements of a 16th-century hackbut. They most likely originated from a single barrel, which was damaged during use. Metallurgical analyses have shown that the barrel was forged from iron. A formal analysis allowed for a graphical reconstruction of its original form.

Keywords:

Żelechów castle, Ciołek family, fortalicium, Middle Ages, hackbut

Download files

Citation rules

Bis, W., & Strzyż, P. (2025). Elements of early modern hand-held firearms from the site of Ciołeks’ castle in Żelechów, Garwolin County. Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 77(2), 557–576. https://doi.org/10.23858/SA/77.2025.2.4066

Cited by / Share

Licence


This website uses cookies for proper operation, in order to use the portal fully you must accept cookies.