Archaeological and epigraphical sources for the cult to Aesculapius and Hygia in the army hospital at Novae
Słowa kluczowe:
rzymski o. -- Bułgaria, Asklepios (bóg), Higieja (bogini), kult bóstw rzymskich, szpitale wojskowe rzymskie, architektura sakralna rzymska -- Bułgaria, Novae (Bułgaria)Abstrakt
The inner courtyard of the army hospital (valetudinarium)) of the I Italica legion in Novae was a cult place of Aesculapius and Hygia, that is an Asklepieion. Here rites were celebrated on behalf of the entire legion, which is attested to by two pedestals of silver statues of Aesculapius and Hygia erected as votiveofferings. Altars of healing deities, raised by officers of the legion as well as by physicians, indicate that it was also a site of private worship for patients and staff of the hospital. The sanctuary of Aesculapius had been built in tandem with construction of the valetudinarium on the eve of the Trajan 's Dacian Wars and was remodeled between AD 156 and 158. The center of worship ceased to operate, alongside with the whole hospital, during great Barbarian onslaughts upon the Balkans in the third quarter of the 3rd century AD. After the incursionsstopped, an attempt was made to restore the sanctuary of Aesculapius. A coin of Claudius II Gothicus was found in its plaster. However, the restoration was given up, the sanctuary walls were dismantled, the altar standing in front of it demolished and the area leveled. Different civilian buildings were erected in the place of the Asklepieio
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Bibliografia
Biernacki, A., Skoczylas, J., 2002, The classification of rock material in juxtaposition with the typology of the inscribed pedestals in Novae. In: L. Ruseva-Slokoska, R.T. Ivanov, V. Dinchev (eds.), The Roman and late Roman city : international conference (Veliko Turnovo 26-30 July 2000. Sofia, 204
Božilova, V., Kolendo, J., Mrozewicz, L., 1991, Inscriptions latines de Novae / sous la red, de J. Kolendo. Poznań
Bunsch, B., 2003, Four small votive altars from the valetudinarium in Novae :remarks on execution technique, Novensia 14, 77-84
Bunsch, E., Kolendo, J., Żelazowski, J., 2003 (2004), Inscriptions decouvertes entre 1998 et 2002 dans les ruines du valetudinarium a Novae. Archeologia 54, 61-62
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinorum
Depeyrot, G., 2004, La propagande monetaire (64-235) et le tresor de Marcianopolis (251). Collection Moneta 39, Wetteren, 7-20
Dessau, H., 1892-1916, Inscriptiones Latinae selectae. Vol. 1-3, Berolini
Dimitrov, K., 2005, Novae and the Barbaric incursions in 238-251. Orpheus : Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies 15, 79-98
Dyczek, P., 1987, Archeologia 38, 52
Dyczek, P., 2000 (2001), Archeologia 51, 93-86
Dyczek, P., in print, The Asklepios from Novae : different faces of one God : in a memorial volume dedicated to Prof. T. Mikocki
Dyczek, P., 2008, Luxury in the fortress of the First Italica in Nova .In: E. Gencheva (ed.), Southeastern Europe in the Antiquity (6th century BC-early 7th century AD) : studia in honoremAleksandrae Dimitrova-Milcheva. Veliko Tamovo, 324-331
Dyczek, P., 1999, The marble head of Emperor Maximinus Thrax from Novae : new methods of reconstruction. Études et Travaux 8, 44-51
Dyczek, P. (ed.), 2011, Novae : legionary fortress and late antique town. Vol. 2, R. Ciołek, P. Dyczek : Coins from sSector IV. Warsaw
Dyczek, P., 2009, Novae : sidlo 1, Italskej legie. Historicka Revue 7 - 8, 52-61
Dyczek, P., Novae. 2, 21-23
Dyczek, P., 2011, The"odd adventures" of Maximinus Thrax in Novae. In: T. NOGALES, I. RODA (eds.), Roma y las provincial : modelo y diffusion. 1. Hispania Antiqua. Serie Arqueologica 3, 383
Dyczek, P., 2005, On the genesis of Roman legionary hospitals. In: Z. Visy (ed.), Limes XIX : Proceedings of the XIXth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studie Pecs, Hungary, September 2003, Pecs, 871-881
Dyczek, P., 2002, Remarks on supply of the Roman army from the point of view of the valetudinarium at Novae (Moesia Inferior). In: Ph. Freeman, J. Bennett, Z. T. Fiema, B. Hoffmann (eds.), Limes 18 : proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies Held in Amman, Jordan (September 2000). Vol. 2. BAR International Series 1084, Oxford, 685-694
Dyczek, P., 2000, Rzymski szpital legionowy w Novae = The Roman army hospital in Novae. Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny 63, fasc. 2, 113-128
Dyczek, P., 1999, A Sacellum Aesculapii in the valetudinarium at Novae. In: N. GUDEA (ed.), Roman Frontier Studies 17, 1997: proceedings of the XVIIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. Zalau, 495-500
Dyczek, P., 2005, The site of the valetudinarium in Novae in the third century AD: Remodeling the architecture. In: M. Mirkovic (ed.), Römische Städte und Festungen an der Donau, Akten der regionalen Konferenz, Beograd 16.-19. Oktober 2003, Beograd, 231-238
Dyczek, P., 2004, Unikatowy rzymski szpital z twierdzy Legionu I Italskiego = A unique Roman hospital in the fortress of the I Italica legion]. In: B. KAIM (ed.), Blisko i daleko : księga jubileuszowa Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa, 187-197
Dyczek, P., 1998, Via inscriptionum at Novae, Novensia 10, 17-29
Dyczek, P., 1995, Was it sacellum Aesculapii in the valetudinarium at Novae? In: A. Bursche, M. Mielczarek, W. Nowakowski (eds.), Nvnc de Svebis dicendvm est... : studia archaeologica et historica Georgio Kolendo ab amicis et discipulis dicata, Warszawa, 125-128
Dyczek, P., 2004, Why the legionary hospital in Novae is unique? Ephemeris Dacoromana NS 12, fasc. 1, 159-170
Dyczek, P., Kolendo, J., in print, Maximinus Thrax in Novae
Dyczek, P., Kolendo, J., Łajtar, A., Płóciennik, T., Rzepkowski, K., 2010, Iliryjski bóg Medaurus i mury Risinium w świetle inskrypcji metrycznej z Lambaesis (CIL VIII 2581; F. Buecheler, Carmina Latina epigraphica 1527) = The Illyrian god Medaurus and the walls of Risinium in the light of a metric inscription from Lambaesis]. Novensia 21, 79-133
Forni, G., Curiosita legionarie e origo di Massimino il Trace. Epigraphica 52, 34-37
Gerov, B., 1977, Die Einfälle der Nordvölker in den Ostbalkanraum im Lichte der Münzschatzfunde. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II, 6, 110-181
Gerov, B., 1979, Die Grenzen des römischen Provinz Thracia bis zur Gründung des aurelianischen Dakien. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II 12,1, 223
Gerov, B., 1989, Inscriptiones Latinae in Bulgaria repertae. Sofia
Janon, M., 1985, Recherches a Lambese. 3, Essais sur le temple d'Esculape. Antiquites Africaines 21, 35-102
Kolendo, J., 1982 (1985), Le culte des divinites guerisseuses a Novae a la lumiere des inscriptions nouvellement decouvertes. Archeologia 33, 65-7
Kolendo, J., Inscription's life after life : case study of a few inscribed stones from Novae (sector IV) – in prep
Kolendo, J., Bozilova, V. (eds.), Inscriptions grecques et latines de Novae (Mesie Inferieure). Inscriptions latines par J. Kolendo, V. Bozilova ; Inscriptions grecques par A. Bresson, Th. Drew-Bear sur un manuscrit de V. Velkov. Ausonius - Publications. Memoires 1, Bordeaux-Paris
Kolendo, J., 1998 (1999), Inscriptions en l'honneur d'Esculape et d'Hygie du valetudinarium de Novae, Archeologia 49, 55-71
Kolendo, J., 1970, Latomus 29, 798
Kolendo, J., 1988 (1990), Les nouvelles inscriptions des primi pili de Novae. Archeologia 39, 91-103
Kolendo, J., 2008, Novae during the Goth raid of 250/1 (Iordanes, Getica 101-103). In: T. DERDA, P. DYCZEK, J. KOLENDO (eds.), Novae : Legionary fortress and late Antique town. Vol. 1, A companion to the study of Novae, Warszawa, 117-131
Kolendo, J., 1992, La perception et l'appreciation d'un statut social : le cas des primipili. In: E. FREZOULS (ed.), La mobilite sociale dans le monde romain : actes du colloque de Strasbourg (novembre 1988). Strasbourg, 161 -171
Kolendo, J., 1999 (2000), Steles funeraires reemployees dans la construction d'une rue a Novae. Archeologia 50, 19-38
Kolendo, J., 1992, T. Vitrasius Pollio gouverneur de la Mesie Inferieureet son activite dans cette province. In: Studia Aegaea et Balcanica in honorem Lodovicae Press. Warszawa, 199-205
Kolendo, J., Trynkowski, J., 1965 (1966), Inscriptions decouvertes au cours des fouilles de l'Expedition Archeologique de l'Universite de Varsovie a Novae (Secteur d'ouest). Archeologia 16, 115-121
Künzl, M., 2005, Aesculapius im valetudinarium. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 35, 55-64
Le Bohec, Y., 2010, L'agglomeration civile de Lambese (Numidie) avec un appendice sur les necropolis. In: M.G. Angeli Bertinelli, A. Donati (eds.), Citta e territorio : la Liguria e il mondo antico : atti del IV Incontro internazionale di storia antica (Genova, 19-20 febbraio 2009). Serta Antiqua et Mediaevalia 12, Rome, 169-197
Lippold, A., 1977, Die Herkunft des Kaisers C. Iulius Verus Maximinus. In: A. Lippold et al. (eds.), Bonner Festgabe Johannes Straub zum 65. Geburtstag am 18. Oktober 1977, dargebracht von Kollegen und Schülern. Beihefte der Bonner Jahrbücher 39, Bonn , 261-275
Lippold, A., 1991, Kommentarzur Historia Augusta. Antiquitas 4 ; Beiträge zur Historia-Augusta-Forschung 1, Bonn, 193-206, 437-438
Mihailov, G., 1970, Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria repertae, I2. Inscriptiones orae Ponti Euxini, Sofia
Mrozewicz, L., 2010, Paleography of Latin inscriptions from Novae (Lower Moesia), Poznań, 176
Petraccia Lucernoni, M. F., 1987, Epigrafi aquileiesi relative a riasetto delle vie Anniae Gemina e l'origo di Massiminoil Trace. Antichita Altoadriatiche 29, 119-136
Petraccia Lucernoni, M. F., 1985, L'origo di Massimino il Trace. Epigraphica 47, 182
Poulter, A., 1995, Nicopolis ad Istrum : a Roman, late Roman and early Byzantine city : excavations 1982-1995. London, 11
Recław, J., Żelazowski, J., 2008 (2010), The courtyard pavement of the legionary hospital at Novae : tile stamps., Archeologia 59, 53-63
Sarnowski, T., 2007 (2009), The name of Novae in Lower Moesia. Archeologia 58, 20-21
Sarnowski, T., in print, Zwei lateinische Inschriften aus Novae (Untermoesien) über den Ausdruck accepta pariatoria und zur Institution des pastus militum
Supplementum epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden
Božilova, V., Kolendo, J., Mrozewicz, L., 1991, Inscriptions latines de Novae / sous la red, de J. Kolendo. Poznań
Bunsch, B., 2003, Four small votive altars from the valetudinarium in Novae :remarks on execution technique, Novensia 14, 77-84
Bunsch, E., Kolendo, J., Żelazowski, J., 2003 (2004), Inscriptions decouvertes entre 1998 et 2002 dans les ruines du valetudinarium a Novae. Archeologia 54, 61-62
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinorum
Depeyrot, G., 2004, La propagande monetaire (64-235) et le tresor de Marcianopolis (251). Collection Moneta 39, Wetteren, 7-20
Dessau, H., 1892-1916, Inscriptiones Latinae selectae. Vol. 1-3, Berolini
Dimitrov, K., 2005, Novae and the Barbaric incursions in 238-251. Orpheus : Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies 15, 79-98
Dyczek, P., 1987, Archeologia 38, 52
Dyczek, P., 2000 (2001), Archeologia 51, 93-86
Dyczek, P., in print, The Asklepios from Novae : different faces of one God : in a memorial volume dedicated to Prof. T. Mikocki
Dyczek, P., 2008, Luxury in the fortress of the First Italica in Nova .In: E. Gencheva (ed.), Southeastern Europe in the Antiquity (6th century BC-early 7th century AD) : studia in honoremAleksandrae Dimitrova-Milcheva. Veliko Tamovo, 324-331
Dyczek, P., 1999, The marble head of Emperor Maximinus Thrax from Novae : new methods of reconstruction. Études et Travaux 8, 44-51
Dyczek, P. (ed.), 2011, Novae : legionary fortress and late antique town. Vol. 2, R. Ciołek, P. Dyczek : Coins from sSector IV. Warsaw
Dyczek, P., 2009, Novae : sidlo 1, Italskej legie. Historicka Revue 7 - 8, 52-61
Dyczek, P., Novae. 2, 21-23
Dyczek, P., 2011, The"odd adventures" of Maximinus Thrax in Novae. In: T. NOGALES, I. RODA (eds.), Roma y las provincial : modelo y diffusion. 1. Hispania Antiqua. Serie Arqueologica 3, 383
Dyczek, P., 2005, On the genesis of Roman legionary hospitals. In: Z. Visy (ed.), Limes XIX : Proceedings of the XIXth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studie Pecs, Hungary, September 2003, Pecs, 871-881
Dyczek, P., 2002, Remarks on supply of the Roman army from the point of view of the valetudinarium at Novae (Moesia Inferior). In: Ph. Freeman, J. Bennett, Z. T. Fiema, B. Hoffmann (eds.), Limes 18 : proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies Held in Amman, Jordan (September 2000). Vol. 2. BAR International Series 1084, Oxford, 685-694
Dyczek, P., 2000, Rzymski szpital legionowy w Novae = The Roman army hospital in Novae. Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny 63, fasc. 2, 113-128
Dyczek, P., 1999, A Sacellum Aesculapii in the valetudinarium at Novae. In: N. GUDEA (ed.), Roman Frontier Studies 17, 1997: proceedings of the XVIIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. Zalau, 495-500
Dyczek, P., 2005, The site of the valetudinarium in Novae in the third century AD: Remodeling the architecture. In: M. Mirkovic (ed.), Römische Städte und Festungen an der Donau, Akten der regionalen Konferenz, Beograd 16.-19. Oktober 2003, Beograd, 231-238
Dyczek, P., 2004, Unikatowy rzymski szpital z twierdzy Legionu I Italskiego = A unique Roman hospital in the fortress of the I Italica legion]. In: B. KAIM (ed.), Blisko i daleko : księga jubileuszowa Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa, 187-197
Dyczek, P., 1998, Via inscriptionum at Novae, Novensia 10, 17-29
Dyczek, P., 1995, Was it sacellum Aesculapii in the valetudinarium at Novae? In: A. Bursche, M. Mielczarek, W. Nowakowski (eds.), Nvnc de Svebis dicendvm est... : studia archaeologica et historica Georgio Kolendo ab amicis et discipulis dicata, Warszawa, 125-128
Dyczek, P., 2004, Why the legionary hospital in Novae is unique? Ephemeris Dacoromana NS 12, fasc. 1, 159-170
Dyczek, P., Kolendo, J., in print, Maximinus Thrax in Novae
Dyczek, P., Kolendo, J., Łajtar, A., Płóciennik, T., Rzepkowski, K., 2010, Iliryjski bóg Medaurus i mury Risinium w świetle inskrypcji metrycznej z Lambaesis (CIL VIII 2581; F. Buecheler, Carmina Latina epigraphica 1527) = The Illyrian god Medaurus and the walls of Risinium in the light of a metric inscription from Lambaesis]. Novensia 21, 79-133
Forni, G., Curiosita legionarie e origo di Massimino il Trace. Epigraphica 52, 34-37
Gerov, B., 1977, Die Einfälle der Nordvölker in den Ostbalkanraum im Lichte der Münzschatzfunde. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II, 6, 110-181
Gerov, B., 1979, Die Grenzen des römischen Provinz Thracia bis zur Gründung des aurelianischen Dakien. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II 12,1, 223
Gerov, B., 1989, Inscriptiones Latinae in Bulgaria repertae. Sofia
Janon, M., 1985, Recherches a Lambese. 3, Essais sur le temple d'Esculape. Antiquites Africaines 21, 35-102
Kolendo, J., 1982 (1985), Le culte des divinites guerisseuses a Novae a la lumiere des inscriptions nouvellement decouvertes. Archeologia 33, 65-7
Kolendo, J., Inscription's life after life : case study of a few inscribed stones from Novae (sector IV) – in prep
Kolendo, J., Bozilova, V. (eds.), Inscriptions grecques et latines de Novae (Mesie Inferieure). Inscriptions latines par J. Kolendo, V. Bozilova ; Inscriptions grecques par A. Bresson, Th. Drew-Bear sur un manuscrit de V. Velkov. Ausonius - Publications. Memoires 1, Bordeaux-Paris
Kolendo, J., 1998 (1999), Inscriptions en l'honneur d'Esculape et d'Hygie du valetudinarium de Novae, Archeologia 49, 55-71
Kolendo, J., 1970, Latomus 29, 798
Kolendo, J., 1988 (1990), Les nouvelles inscriptions des primi pili de Novae. Archeologia 39, 91-103
Kolendo, J., 2008, Novae during the Goth raid of 250/1 (Iordanes, Getica 101-103). In: T. DERDA, P. DYCZEK, J. KOLENDO (eds.), Novae : Legionary fortress and late Antique town. Vol. 1, A companion to the study of Novae, Warszawa, 117-131
Kolendo, J., 1992, La perception et l'appreciation d'un statut social : le cas des primipili. In: E. FREZOULS (ed.), La mobilite sociale dans le monde romain : actes du colloque de Strasbourg (novembre 1988). Strasbourg, 161 -171
Kolendo, J., 1999 (2000), Steles funeraires reemployees dans la construction d'une rue a Novae. Archeologia 50, 19-38
Kolendo, J., 1992, T. Vitrasius Pollio gouverneur de la Mesie Inferieureet son activite dans cette province. In: Studia Aegaea et Balcanica in honorem Lodovicae Press. Warszawa, 199-205
Kolendo, J., Trynkowski, J., 1965 (1966), Inscriptions decouvertes au cours des fouilles de l'Expedition Archeologique de l'Universite de Varsovie a Novae (Secteur d'ouest). Archeologia 16, 115-121
Künzl, M., 2005, Aesculapius im valetudinarium. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 35, 55-64
Le Bohec, Y., 2010, L'agglomeration civile de Lambese (Numidie) avec un appendice sur les necropolis. In: M.G. Angeli Bertinelli, A. Donati (eds.), Citta e territorio : la Liguria e il mondo antico : atti del IV Incontro internazionale di storia antica (Genova, 19-20 febbraio 2009). Serta Antiqua et Mediaevalia 12, Rome, 169-197
Lippold, A., 1977, Die Herkunft des Kaisers C. Iulius Verus Maximinus. In: A. Lippold et al. (eds.), Bonner Festgabe Johannes Straub zum 65. Geburtstag am 18. Oktober 1977, dargebracht von Kollegen und Schülern. Beihefte der Bonner Jahrbücher 39, Bonn , 261-275
Lippold, A., 1991, Kommentarzur Historia Augusta. Antiquitas 4 ; Beiträge zur Historia-Augusta-Forschung 1, Bonn, 193-206, 437-438
Mihailov, G., 1970, Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria repertae, I2. Inscriptiones orae Ponti Euxini, Sofia
Mrozewicz, L., 2010, Paleography of Latin inscriptions from Novae (Lower Moesia), Poznań, 176
Petraccia Lucernoni, M. F., 1987, Epigrafi aquileiesi relative a riasetto delle vie Anniae Gemina e l'origo di Massiminoil Trace. Antichita Altoadriatiche 29, 119-136
Petraccia Lucernoni, M. F., 1985, L'origo di Massimino il Trace. Epigraphica 47, 182
Poulter, A., 1995, Nicopolis ad Istrum : a Roman, late Roman and early Byzantine city : excavations 1982-1995. London, 11
Recław, J., Żelazowski, J., 2008 (2010), The courtyard pavement of the legionary hospital at Novae : tile stamps., Archeologia 59, 53-63
Sarnowski, T., 2007 (2009), The name of Novae in Lower Moesia. Archeologia 58, 20-21
Sarnowski, T., in print, Zwei lateinische Inschriften aus Novae (Untermoesien) über den Ausdruck accepta pariatoria und zur Institution des pastus militum
Supplementum epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden
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Kolendo, J., & Dyczek, P. (2010). Archaeological and epigraphical sources for the cult to Aesculapius and Hygia in the army hospital at Novae. Archeologia, 61, 35–46. Pobrano z https://journals.iaepan.pl/arch/article/view/519
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