Ethnology and Sociocultural Anthropology in Kyrgyzstan
Keywords:
Kyrgyzstan, ethnology, sociocultural anthropology, research, teaching, knowledge productionAbstract
The article is focused on the state of sociocultural anthropology and ethnology in Kyrgyzstan. It seeks to map the disciplines’ intellectual and institutional history in the sociopolitical context in which it has evolved. The material for the study comes from published and internet sources as well as from a series of interviews with Kyrgyz anthropologists/ethnologists and academics from other countries who have worked in Kyrgyzstan. The article aims at placing the discipline in the sociocultural and political contexts of socialism and postsocialism in Kyrgyzstan. By considering power relations and economic relations as factors of the discipline’s development, the article refers to broader debates on the social production
of anthropological knowledge.
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References
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Abashin S. 2018. Soviet Past and Memory Policies in Countries of Central Asia. In Ch. Engel and B. Menzel (eds), Russland und/als Eurasien: Kururelle Konfigurationenen. Berlin: Frank&Timme, 303–317.
Abramzon S. M. 1954. Proshloe i nastoiashchee kirgizskikh shakhterov Kyzyl-Kiia (Materialy k izucheniiu byta kirgizskikh rabochikh). Sovetskaia Etnografiia 4, 58–78.
Abramzon S. M. [1971] 1990. Kirgizy i ih etnogeneticheskie i istoriko-kulturnye sviazi. Frunze: Kyrgyzstan Publishing House.
Aitpaeva G., Egemberdieva A., Toktogulova M. (eds). 2006. Mazar Worshiping in Kyrgyzstan: Rituals and Practitioners in Talas. Bishkek.
Alymkulov N. and Ashakeeva G. 2004. Post-Soviet Central Asia: Tendency of Political Islam. Ab Imperio 3. Retreived 31 May 2017 from www.abimperio.net, access: 10.01.2018.
Aksakanov A. A. 2004. Razvitie etnosotsiologicheskoy nauki v Kyrgyzstane. In M.N. Guboglo (ed.), Mezhdistsyplinarnye issledovania v kontekste sotsialno-kulturnoy antropologii. Moscow, 358–365.
Anderson B. 1983. Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London, New York.
Antipina K. I. 1962. Osobennosti materialnoy kultury i prikladnogo iskusstva yuzhnyh kirgizov. Frunze.
Azrael J. R. (ed.). 1978. Soviet Nationality Policies and Practices. New York.
Bertrand F. 2002. L’anthropologie soviétique des années 20–30. Configuration d’une rupture. Bordeaux.
Beyler R., Kojevnikov A., Wang J. 2005. Purges in Comparative Perspective: Rules for Exclusion and Inclusion in the Scientific Community under Political Pressure. In C. Sachse and M. Walker (eds), Politics and Science in Wartime: Comparative International Perspectives on the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. Chicago, 23–48.
Bromley Y u. V. 1979. Towards Typology of Ethnic Processes. British Journal of Sociology 30 (3), 341–348.
Buchowski M. 2017. Moieties, Lineages and Clans in Polish Anthropology Before and After 1989. In A. Barrera-Gonzalez, M. Heintz, A. Horolets (eds), European Anthropologies. New York, Oxford, 187–210.
Eidson J. R. 2017. When a Great Scholarly Tradition Modernizes: German-Language Ethnology in the Long Twentieth Century. In A. Barrera-Gonzalez, M. Heintz, A. Horolets (eds) European Anthropologies. New York, Oxford, 48–84.
Chotaeva C h. 2004. Ethnicity, Language and Religion in Kyrgyzstan. Sendai.
Chotaeva C h. 2005. Etnokul’turnye factory v istorii gosudarstvennogo stroitel’stva Kyrgyzstana. Bishkek.
DeYoung A. J. 2008. Conceptualizing Paradoxes of Post-Socialist Education in Kyrgyzstan. Nationalities Papers 36(4), 642–657.
DeWeese D. 2009. Survival Strategies: Reflections on the Notion of Religious ‘Survivals’ in Soviet Ethnographic Studies of Muslim Life in Central Asia. In Socialist Era Anthropology in the Caucasus and Central Asia Conference, 23–24 April 2009. Halle: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.
Drobizheva L. 1998. Etnicheskaya sotsiologia v SSSR i postsovietskoy Rossii. In V. Jadov (ed.), Sotsiologia v Rossii, 2nd ed. Moscow, 179–193.
Dyikanbaeva A. 2005. Kyrgyz ulamyshtary. Bishkek.
Durand J.-I. 1995. ‘Traditional Culture’ and ‘Folk Knowledge’: Wither the Dialogue between Western and Post-Soviet Anthropology? Current Anthropology 36 (2), 327–330.
Dunn S. P. and Dunn E. 1962. Directed Culture Change in the Soviet Union: Some Soviet Studies. American Anthropologist. New Series 64 (2), 328–339.
Elebayeva A., Omuraliev N., Abazov R. 2000. The Shifting Identities and Loyalties in Kyrgyzstan: The Evidence from the Field. Nationalities Papers 28 (2), 334–343.
Fabian J. 1983. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Constructs its Object. New York.
Fryer P., Nasritdinov E., Satybaldieva E. 2014. Moving Toward the Brink? Migration in the Kyrgyz Republic. Central Asian Affairs 1 (2), 171–198.
Funk D. and Nam I. 2017. Contemporary Transformations of Anthropology/Ethnology in Russia: An Invitation to Further Discussion. Folklore 70, 225–238.
Gumilev L. N. 1989. Etnogenez i biosfera zemli 2nd ed. Leningrad.
Hirsch F. 2005. Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union. Ithaca, London.
Hobsbawm E. and Ranger T. (eds) 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge.
Huttenbach H. R. (ed.) 1990. Soviet Nationality Policies: Ruling Ethnic Groups in the USSR. London.
Iliasov S. 1963. Zemelnye otnoshenia v Kirgizii v kontse XIX – nachale XX vv. Frunze.
Ilkhamov A. 2009. Iakubovskii and Others: Canonizing Uzbek National History. In Socialist Era Anthropology in the Caucasus and Central Asia Conference, 23–24 April 2009. Halle: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.
Ismailbekova A. 2017. Blood Ties and the Native Son: Poetics of Patronage in Kyrgyzstan. Bloomington.
Kaneff D. and King A. 2004. Introduction: Owning Culture. Focaal: European Journal of Anthropology 44, 3–19.
Kochkunov A. 2002. Problemy etnologicheskoy nauki v postsovetskom Kirgistane (Postanovka problemy). The Department of History, Culturology and Marketing. http://www.history.krsu.edu.kg/index.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=282&Itemid=58, access: 31.05.2017.
Knight N. 1998. Science, Empire, and Nationality: Ethnography in the Russian Geographical
Society, 1845–1855. In J. Burbank and D.L. Ransel (eds), Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire. Bloomington, Indianapolis, 108–124.
Laruelle M. 2005. Vvedenie: etnologia, natsionalnoye stanovlenie i politika v Uzbekistane. Ab Imperio 4. www.abimperio.net, access: 31.05.2015.
Luehrmann S. 2005. Russian Colonialism and the Asiatic Mode of Production: (Post-)Soviet Ethnography Goes to Alaska. Slavic Review 64 (4), 851–871.
Mambetalieva K. 1963. Byt i kultura shakhterov-kirgizov kamennougol’noy promyshlennosti Kirgizii. Frunze.
Makhova E. P. 1959. Materialnaya kultura kirgizov kak istochnik izuchenia ih etnogeneza. In Trudy kirgizskoy arheologichesko-etnograficheskoy ekspeditsii III. Frunze, 45–47.
Martin T. 2001. The Affirmative Action Empire. Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939. Ithaca, London.
Nasritdinov E. and O’Connor K. 2006. Social Texture of the Central Asian Commercial Terrain: Kyrgyz, Russian and Uzbek Merchants in the Post-Soviet Trading Networks. International Journal of the Humanities 4 (5), 121–134.
Nasritdinov E. 2007. Regional Changes in Kyrgyzstan: Bazaars, Open-Air Markets and Social Networks. PhD dissertation, Melbourne.
Nasritdinov E. 2012. Spiritual Nomadism and Central Asian Tablighi Travelers. Ab Imperio 2, 145–167.
Nasritdinov E. 2016. Only by Learning to Live Together Differently Can We Live Together at All. Readability and Legibility of Central Asian Migrants’ Presence in Urban Russia. Central Asian Survey 35(2), 257–275.
Pelkmans M. 2007. ‘Culture’ as a Tool and an Obstacle: Missionary Encounters in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 13, 881–899.
Petric B. - M. 2005. Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan or the Birth of a Globalized Protectorate. Central Asian Survey 24 (3), 319–332.
Petric B. - M. 2015. Where Are All Our Sheep? Kyrgyzstan. A Global Political Arena. New York.
Reeves M. 2014. Antropologia Srednei Azii cherez desyat’ let posle ‘sostoyania polya’: stakan napolovinu polon ili napolovinu pust?. Antropologicheskii Forum 20 (1), 60–79.
Schoeberlein J. 2009. Ethnography of Religion: How did Theory Affect the Representation and Analysis of Islam in Post-war Soviet Ethnography of Central Asia?. In Socialist Era Anthropology in the Caucasus and Central Asia Conference, 23–24 April 2009. Halle: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.
Skalnik P. 2002. A Post-Communist Millenium: The Struggles for Sociocultural Anthropology in Central and Eastern Europe. Prague.
Sokolovskiy S. 2017. Anthropology in Russia: Tradition vs. Paradigm Shift. In A. Barrera-Gonzalez, M. Heintz and A. Horolets (eds), European Anthropologies. New York, Oxford, 85–109.
Sylverman S. 2005. ‘The United States’. In F. Barth et al. One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American Anthropology. Chicago, 257–247.
Tabyshaliev S. T. 1990. Predislovie. In S.M. Abramzon. Kirgizy i ih etnogeneticheskie i istoriko-kulturnye sviazi. Frunze.
Tchoroev T. 2002. Historiography of Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. International Journal of Middle East Studies 34(2). Special Issue: Nationalism and the Colonial Legacy in the Middle East and Central Asia, 351–374 .
Toktogulova M. 2006. Syncretism of Religious Belief of Kyrgyz. In G. Aitpaeva, A. Egemberdieva, M. Toktogulova (eds), Mazar Worshiping in Kyrgyzstan: Rituals and Practitioners in Talas. Bishkek, 507–519.
Toktogulova M. 2007. Kyrgyzdyrdyn ishenimindegi cinkretuuluk macelesi. In G. Aitpaeva (ed.), Kyrgyzstandagy mazar basuu: Talas tazhryĭbasynyn negizinde. Bishkek, 419–433.
Tokarev S. A. 1953. Etnografia narodov SSSR. Moscow.
Turdalieva C h. 2005. Kyrgyz Woman by the Views of Foreign Travelers and Explorers: Gender Stereotypes. In H. Fathi (ed.), Femmes d’Asie Centrale: Genre et mutations dans les sociétés musulmanes soviétisées. Paris.
Turdalieva C h. 2009. Zapadnye puteshestvenniki i issledovateli o kyrgyzakh i Kyrgyzstanie. Bishkek.
Zhaparov A. 2007. Elementy gosudarstvennosti u kochevnikov i osedlye obschestva. In N.E. Masanov, Zh.B. Abylkhozhin, I.V. Erofeeva (eds), Fenomen kochevnichestva v istorii Evrazii. Nomadizm i razvitie gosudarstva. Almaty, 85–93.
Zhaparov A. 2009. The Chinese Migrants Issue in Kyrgyzstan. The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly 7(1), 79–92.
Abashin S. 2018. Soviet Past and Memory Policies in Countries of Central Asia. In Ch. Engel and B. Menzel (eds), Russland und/als Eurasien: Kururelle Konfigurationenen. Berlin: Frank&Timme, 303–317.
Abramzon S. M. 1954. Proshloe i nastoiashchee kirgizskikh shakhterov Kyzyl-Kiia (Materialy k izucheniiu byta kirgizskikh rabochikh). Sovetskaia Etnografiia 4, 58–78.
Abramzon S. M. [1971] 1990. Kirgizy i ih etnogeneticheskie i istoriko-kulturnye sviazi. Frunze: Kyrgyzstan Publishing House.
Aitpaeva G., Egemberdieva A., Toktogulova M. (eds). 2006. Mazar Worshiping in Kyrgyzstan: Rituals and Practitioners in Talas. Bishkek.
Alymkulov N. and Ashakeeva G. 2004. Post-Soviet Central Asia: Tendency of Political Islam. Ab Imperio 3. Retreived 31 May 2017 from www.abimperio.net, access: 10.01.2018.
Aksakanov A. A. 2004. Razvitie etnosotsiologicheskoy nauki v Kyrgyzstane. In M.N. Guboglo (ed.), Mezhdistsyplinarnye issledovania v kontekste sotsialno-kulturnoy antropologii. Moscow, 358–365.
Anderson B. 1983. Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London, New York.
Antipina K. I. 1962. Osobennosti materialnoy kultury i prikladnogo iskusstva yuzhnyh kirgizov. Frunze.
Azrael J. R. (ed.). 1978. Soviet Nationality Policies and Practices. New York.
Bertrand F. 2002. L’anthropologie soviétique des années 20–30. Configuration d’une rupture. Bordeaux.
Beyler R., Kojevnikov A., Wang J. 2005. Purges in Comparative Perspective: Rules for Exclusion and Inclusion in the Scientific Community under Political Pressure. In C. Sachse and M. Walker (eds), Politics and Science in Wartime: Comparative International Perspectives on the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. Chicago, 23–48.
Bromley Y u. V. 1979. Towards Typology of Ethnic Processes. British Journal of Sociology 30 (3), 341–348.
Buchowski M. 2017. Moieties, Lineages and Clans in Polish Anthropology Before and After 1989. In A. Barrera-Gonzalez, M. Heintz, A. Horolets (eds), European Anthropologies. New York, Oxford, 187–210.
Eidson J. R. 2017. When a Great Scholarly Tradition Modernizes: German-Language Ethnology in the Long Twentieth Century. In A. Barrera-Gonzalez, M. Heintz, A. Horolets (eds) European Anthropologies. New York, Oxford, 48–84.
Chotaeva C h. 2004. Ethnicity, Language and Religion in Kyrgyzstan. Sendai.
Chotaeva C h. 2005. Etnokul’turnye factory v istorii gosudarstvennogo stroitel’stva Kyrgyzstana. Bishkek.
DeYoung A. J. 2008. Conceptualizing Paradoxes of Post-Socialist Education in Kyrgyzstan. Nationalities Papers 36(4), 642–657.
DeWeese D. 2009. Survival Strategies: Reflections on the Notion of Religious ‘Survivals’ in Soviet Ethnographic Studies of Muslim Life in Central Asia. In Socialist Era Anthropology in the Caucasus and Central Asia Conference, 23–24 April 2009. Halle: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.
Drobizheva L. 1998. Etnicheskaya sotsiologia v SSSR i postsovietskoy Rossii. In V. Jadov (ed.), Sotsiologia v Rossii, 2nd ed. Moscow, 179–193.
Dyikanbaeva A. 2005. Kyrgyz ulamyshtary. Bishkek.
Durand J.-I. 1995. ‘Traditional Culture’ and ‘Folk Knowledge’: Wither the Dialogue between Western and Post-Soviet Anthropology? Current Anthropology 36 (2), 327–330.
Dunn S. P. and Dunn E. 1962. Directed Culture Change in the Soviet Union: Some Soviet Studies. American Anthropologist. New Series 64 (2), 328–339.
Elebayeva A., Omuraliev N., Abazov R. 2000. The Shifting Identities and Loyalties in Kyrgyzstan: The Evidence from the Field. Nationalities Papers 28 (2), 334–343.
Fabian J. 1983. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Constructs its Object. New York.
Fryer P., Nasritdinov E., Satybaldieva E. 2014. Moving Toward the Brink? Migration in the Kyrgyz Republic. Central Asian Affairs 1 (2), 171–198.
Funk D. and Nam I. 2017. Contemporary Transformations of Anthropology/Ethnology in Russia: An Invitation to Further Discussion. Folklore 70, 225–238.
Gumilev L. N. 1989. Etnogenez i biosfera zemli 2nd ed. Leningrad.
Hirsch F. 2005. Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union. Ithaca, London.
Hobsbawm E. and Ranger T. (eds) 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge.
Huttenbach H. R. (ed.) 1990. Soviet Nationality Policies: Ruling Ethnic Groups in the USSR. London.
Iliasov S. 1963. Zemelnye otnoshenia v Kirgizii v kontse XIX – nachale XX vv. Frunze.
Ilkhamov A. 2009. Iakubovskii and Others: Canonizing Uzbek National History. In Socialist Era Anthropology in the Caucasus and Central Asia Conference, 23–24 April 2009. Halle: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.
Ismailbekova A. 2017. Blood Ties and the Native Son: Poetics of Patronage in Kyrgyzstan. Bloomington.
Kaneff D. and King A. 2004. Introduction: Owning Culture. Focaal: European Journal of Anthropology 44, 3–19.
Kochkunov A. 2002. Problemy etnologicheskoy nauki v postsovetskom Kirgistane (Postanovka problemy). The Department of History, Culturology and Marketing. http://www.history.krsu.edu.kg/index.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=282&Itemid=58, access: 31.05.2017.
Knight N. 1998. Science, Empire, and Nationality: Ethnography in the Russian Geographical
Society, 1845–1855. In J. Burbank and D.L. Ransel (eds), Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire. Bloomington, Indianapolis, 108–124.
Laruelle M. 2005. Vvedenie: etnologia, natsionalnoye stanovlenie i politika v Uzbekistane. Ab Imperio 4. www.abimperio.net, access: 31.05.2015.
Luehrmann S. 2005. Russian Colonialism and the Asiatic Mode of Production: (Post-)Soviet Ethnography Goes to Alaska. Slavic Review 64 (4), 851–871.
Mambetalieva K. 1963. Byt i kultura shakhterov-kirgizov kamennougol’noy promyshlennosti Kirgizii. Frunze.
Makhova E. P. 1959. Materialnaya kultura kirgizov kak istochnik izuchenia ih etnogeneza. In Trudy kirgizskoy arheologichesko-etnograficheskoy ekspeditsii III. Frunze, 45–47.
Martin T. 2001. The Affirmative Action Empire. Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939. Ithaca, London.
Nasritdinov E. and O’Connor K. 2006. Social Texture of the Central Asian Commercial Terrain: Kyrgyz, Russian and Uzbek Merchants in the Post-Soviet Trading Networks. International Journal of the Humanities 4 (5), 121–134.
Nasritdinov E. 2007. Regional Changes in Kyrgyzstan: Bazaars, Open-Air Markets and Social Networks. PhD dissertation, Melbourne.
Nasritdinov E. 2012. Spiritual Nomadism and Central Asian Tablighi Travelers. Ab Imperio 2, 145–167.
Nasritdinov E. 2016. Only by Learning to Live Together Differently Can We Live Together at All. Readability and Legibility of Central Asian Migrants’ Presence in Urban Russia. Central Asian Survey 35(2), 257–275.
Pelkmans M. 2007. ‘Culture’ as a Tool and an Obstacle: Missionary Encounters in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 13, 881–899.
Petric B. - M. 2005. Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan or the Birth of a Globalized Protectorate. Central Asian Survey 24 (3), 319–332.
Petric B. - M. 2015. Where Are All Our Sheep? Kyrgyzstan. A Global Political Arena. New York.
Reeves M. 2014. Antropologia Srednei Azii cherez desyat’ let posle ‘sostoyania polya’: stakan napolovinu polon ili napolovinu pust?. Antropologicheskii Forum 20 (1), 60–79.
Schoeberlein J. 2009. Ethnography of Religion: How did Theory Affect the Representation and Analysis of Islam in Post-war Soviet Ethnography of Central Asia?. In Socialist Era Anthropology in the Caucasus and Central Asia Conference, 23–24 April 2009. Halle: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.
Skalnik P. 2002. A Post-Communist Millenium: The Struggles for Sociocultural Anthropology in Central and Eastern Europe. Prague.
Sokolovskiy S. 2017. Anthropology in Russia: Tradition vs. Paradigm Shift. In A. Barrera-Gonzalez, M. Heintz and A. Horolets (eds), European Anthropologies. New York, Oxford, 85–109.
Sylverman S. 2005. ‘The United States’. In F. Barth et al. One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American Anthropology. Chicago, 257–247.
Tabyshaliev S. T. 1990. Predislovie. In S.M. Abramzon. Kirgizy i ih etnogeneticheskie i istoriko-kulturnye sviazi. Frunze.
Tchoroev T. 2002. Historiography of Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. International Journal of Middle East Studies 34(2). Special Issue: Nationalism and the Colonial Legacy in the Middle East and Central Asia, 351–374 .
Toktogulova M. 2006. Syncretism of Religious Belief of Kyrgyz. In G. Aitpaeva, A. Egemberdieva, M. Toktogulova (eds), Mazar Worshiping in Kyrgyzstan: Rituals and Practitioners in Talas. Bishkek, 507–519.
Toktogulova M. 2007. Kyrgyzdyrdyn ishenimindegi cinkretuuluk macelesi. In G. Aitpaeva (ed.), Kyrgyzstandagy mazar basuu: Talas tazhryĭbasynyn negizinde. Bishkek, 419–433.
Tokarev S. A. 1953. Etnografia narodov SSSR. Moscow.
Turdalieva C h. 2005. Kyrgyz Woman by the Views of Foreign Travelers and Explorers: Gender Stereotypes. In H. Fathi (ed.), Femmes d’Asie Centrale: Genre et mutations dans les sociétés musulmanes soviétisées. Paris.
Turdalieva C h. 2009. Zapadnye puteshestvenniki i issledovateli o kyrgyzakh i Kyrgyzstanie. Bishkek.
Zhaparov A. 2007. Elementy gosudarstvennosti u kochevnikov i osedlye obschestva. In N.E. Masanov, Zh.B. Abylkhozhin, I.V. Erofeeva (eds), Fenomen kochevnichestva v istorii Evrazii. Nomadizm i razvitie gosudarstva. Almaty, 85–93.
Zhaparov A. 2009. The Chinese Migrants Issue in Kyrgyzstan. The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly 7(1), 79–92.
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Published
2018-06-29
How to Cite
Horolets, A. (2018). Ethnology and Sociocultural Anthropology in Kyrgyzstan. Ethnologia Polona, 38, 187–204. Retrieved from https://journals.iaepan.pl/ethp/article/view/57
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