What does the bell-distribution hide? Spatial behavior and demographic development of the Funnel Beaker culture populations in Bronocice region, Poland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23858/SA68.2016.002Keywords:
spatial behavior, demographic development, Neolithic, Bronocice, Funnel Beaker culture, bell-curveAbstract
Spatial archaeology usually links population estimates to settlement functions. Normal (Gaussian) or binomial distributions of a variable reflecting population values are used for groups of sites identified as seasonal occupations, hamlets, villages, centers etc. However, using this approach the demographic development remains hidden in bell-curves. To solve this issue we propose a research procedure that considers spatio-demographic development of the population. Application of this procedure to Funnel Beaker sites in the Bronocice region led to the identification of at least 7 sub-phases in the ‘classical’ period Bronocice 3 (BR II) and 4 (BR III) and could be increased to 8-9 sub-phases
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References
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Chapman J. and Gaydarska B. 2015. The largest sites in 4th millennium BC Europe? – the Trypillia megasites in Ukraine. The European Archaeologist 45: 37-45
Christaller W. 1966. Central Places in Southern Germany. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
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Diachenko A. and Zubrow E. B. W. 2015. Stabilization points in carrying capacity: population growth and migrations. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology 17, 1-15.
Duffy P. R. 2015. Site size hierarchy in middle-range societies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 37, 85-99
Feinman G. M. 2011. Size, complexity, and organizational variation: A comparative approach. Cross-Cultural Research 45(1), 37-58
Feinman G. M. 2013. The emergence of social complexity. In D. M. Carballo (ed.), Cooperation and Collective Action: Archaeological Perspectives. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 35-56
Fletcher R. 2006. Materiality, space, time, and outcome. In J. Bintliff (ed.), A Companion to Archaeology. Padstow: Blackwell Publishing, 110-114
Florek M. and Wiśniewski T. 2008. Funnel Beaker culture artifacts from the settlement of Mozgava, Pińczów Commune, Świętokrzyskie Province. Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 3, 145-173
Johnson G. A. 1972. A test of the utility of the Central Place Theory in archaeology. In P. J. Ucko, R. Tringham and G. W. Dimbleby (eds.), Man, Settlement and Urbanism. London: Duckworth, 769-787
Hamilton M. J., Milne B. T., Walker R. S., and Brown J. H. 2007. Nonlinear scaling of space use in human hunter-gatherers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104(11), 4765-4769
Hamilton M. J., Milne B. T., Walker R. S., Burger O., and Brown J. H. 2007. The complex structure of hunter-gatherer social network. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274/1622, 2195-2202
Hamilton M. J., Burger O., DeLong J. P., Walker R. S., Moses M. E., and Brown J. H. 2009. Population stability, cooperation, and the invisibility of the human species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106(30), 12255-12260
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Kruk J. 1969. Grób szkieletowy kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej w Michałowicach, pow. Kraków. Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 21, 399
Kruk J. 1980. Gospodarka w Polsce południowo-wschodniej w V-III tysiącleciu P.N.E. Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków – Gdańsk: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 1981. Chronology of Funel Beaker, Baden-like, and Lublin-Volynian settlement at Bronocice, Poland. Germania 59(1), 1-19
Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 1985. Bronocice. Osiedle obronne ludności kultury lubelsko-wołyńskiej (2800-2700 lat p.n.e.). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 1990. Radiocarbon dating of Neolithic assemblages from Bronocice. Przegląd Archeologiczny 37, 195-228
Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 1999. Rozkwit i upadek społeczeństw rolniczych neolitu. Kraków: Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Kruk J., Milisauskas S., Alexandrowicz S. W. and Śnieszko Z. 1996. Osadnictwo i zmiany środowiska naturalnego Wyżyn Lessowych. Studium archeologiczne i paleogeograficzne nad neolitem w Dorzeczu Nidzicy. Kraków: Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Mandelbrot B. B. 1999. Multifractals and 1/f Noise: Wild Self-Affinity in Physics (1963-1976). New-York: Springer
Mandelbrot B. and Hudson R. L. 2004. The (Mis-)Behavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Risk, Ruin and Reward. New York: Basic Books
Milisauskas S. and Kruk J. 1984. Settlement organization and the appearance of low level hierarchical societies during the Neolithic in the Bronocice Microregion, Southeastern Poland. Germania 62(1), 1-29
Milisauskas S. and Kruk J. 1989. Neolithic economy in Central Europe. Journal of World Prehistory 3/4, 403-445
Milisauskas S. and Kruk J. 1993. Archaeological investigations on Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Southeastern Poland. In P. Bogucki (ed.), Case Studies in European Prehistory. London: CRC Press, 63-93
Milisauskas S. and Kruk J. 2008. Reflections on the Olszanica and Bronocice archaeological projects. In Z. Sulgostowska and A. J. Tomaszewski (eds.), Man – Millennia – Environment. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, 335-343
Milisauskas S., Kruk J., Pipes M.-L., and Makowicz-Poliszot D. 2012. Butchering and Meat Consumption in the Neolithic. The Exploitation of Animals at Bronocice. Kraków: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences
Minc L. D. 2006. Monitoring regional market systems in prehistory: Models, methods, and metrics. Journal of Anthropological Archeology 25, 82-116
Neustupný E. 1984. Mobilităt der ăneolitishen populationen. Slovenska Archeologia 29(1), 111-119
Nowak M. 1993. Osadnictwo kultury pucharów lejkowatych we wschodniej części Niecki Nidziańskiej. Kraków: Instytut Archeologii UJ
Nowak M. 2009. Drugie etap neolityzacji ziem polskich. Kraków: Instytut Archeologii UJ
Pelisiak A. 2003. Osadnictwo. Gospodarka. Społeczeństwo. Studia nad kulturą pucharów lejkowatych na Niżu Polskim. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Pelisiak A. 2015. Interpreting the Funnel Beaker culture village in central Poland: intra-site organization and the community. In A. Diachenko, F. Menotti, S. Ryzhov, K. Bunyatyan and S. Kadrow (eds.), The Cucuteni-Trypillia Cultural Complex and its Neighbours: Essays in Memory of Volodymyr Kruts. Lviv: Astrolabe, 241-255
Pipes M.-L., Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 2015. Threads of Neolithic household cloth production at Bronocice. In K. Kristiansen, L. Šmejda and J. Turek (eds.), Paradigm Found: Archaeological Theory – Present, Past and Future. Essays in Honor of Evžen Neustupný. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 215-233
Przybył A. 2009. Społeczności późnoneolitycznej kultury pucharów lejkowatych na Kujawach. Problem wpływów z kręgu kultury badeńskiej. Poznań: Wydawnictwo UAM
Reynolds R. G. D. 2009. Linear settlement systems on the Upper Grijalva River: The application of a Markovian model. In Flannery K. V. (eds.), The Early Mesoamerican Village: Updated Edition. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press
Smith C. A. 1974. Economics of marketing systems: models from economic geography. Annual Review of Anthropology 3, 167-201
Stehli P. 1994. Chronologie der Bandkeramik im Merzbachtal. In Boelicke U., Frirdich C., Gaffrey J., Lüning J., Stehli P., Vaughan P. und Zimmermann A. Die Bandkeramik im Merzbachtal auf der Aldenhovener Platte. Rheinische Ausgrabungen 36. Köln: Rheinland-Verlag GMBH, 79-192
Videiko M. Yu. 2013. Kompleksnoe izuchenie krupnykh poseleniy Tripolskoy kultury V-IV tys. do n.e. Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing
Włodarczak P. 2006. Chronologia grupy południowo-wschodniej kultury pucharów lejkowatych w świetle dat radiowęglowych. In J. Libera and K. Tunia (eds.), Idea megalityczna w obrządku pogrzebowym kultury pucharów lejkowatych, Lublin – Kraków: Wydawnictwo UMCS, Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 27-66
Włodarczak P. 2013. Projekt badań chronologii absolutnej eneolitu i początków epoki brązu w Małopolsce. In I. Cheben and M. Soják (eds.), Otázky neolitu a eneolitu našich krajin. Nitra: Archeologickỳ ústav SAV, 373-387
Woldenberg M. J. and Berry B. J. L. 1967. Rivers and central places: analogous systems? Journal of Regional Science 7(2), 129-139
Zastawny A. 2008. The Baden and the Funnel Beaker-Baden settlement in Lesser Poland. In M. Furholt, M. Szmyt and A. Zastawny (eds.), The Baden Complex and the Outside World (= Studien zur Archäologie in Ostmitteleuropa 4). Bonn: Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 177-188
Zastawny A. 2015. The Baden complex in Lesser Poland – horizons of cultural influences. In: M. Nowak and A. Zastawny (eds.), The Baden culture around the Western Carpathians (= Via Archaeologica). Kraków: Krakowski Zespół do Badań Autostrad, 119-150
Zipf G. K. 1965. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. New York and London: Hafner Publishing Company
Andriani P. and McKelvey B. 2009. From Gaussian to Paretian thinking: Causes and implications of power laws in organizations. Organization Science 20(6), 1053-1071
Bak P. 1996. How Nature Works: the Science of Self-Organized Criticality. New-York: Springer-Verlag
Batty M. 2007. Cities and Complexity: Understanding Cities with Cellular Automata, Agent-Based Models, and Fractals. Massachusetts and London: MIT Press
Berry B. J. L. 1967. Geography of Market Centers and Retail Distribution. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall
Burchard B. 1973. Zur Genesis der Kultur mit Kannelierter Keramik. In B. Chropovsky (ed.), Symposium über die Entstehung und Chronologie der Badener Kultur. Bratislava: Slovakian Academy of Sciences, 55-66
Chapman J. and Gaydarska B. 2015. The largest sites in 4th millennium BC Europe? – the Trypillia megasites in Ukraine. The European Archaeologist 45: 37-45
Christaller W. 1966. Central Places in Southern Germany. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Diachenko A. 2012. Settlement system of West Tripolye culture in the Southern Bug and Dnieper interfluve: formation problems. In F. Menotti and A. G. Korvin-Piotrovskiy (eds.), The Tripolye Culture Giant-Settlements in Ukraine: Formation, Development and Decline. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 116–138
Diachenko A. and Zubrow E. B. W. 2015. Stabilization points in carrying capacity: population growth and migrations. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology 17, 1-15.
Duffy P. R. 2015. Site size hierarchy in middle-range societies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 37, 85-99
Feinman G. M. 2011. Size, complexity, and organizational variation: A comparative approach. Cross-Cultural Research 45(1), 37-58
Feinman G. M. 2013. The emergence of social complexity. In D. M. Carballo (ed.), Cooperation and Collective Action: Archaeological Perspectives. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 35-56
Fletcher R. 2006. Materiality, space, time, and outcome. In J. Bintliff (ed.), A Companion to Archaeology. Padstow: Blackwell Publishing, 110-114
Florek M. and Wiśniewski T. 2008. Funnel Beaker culture artifacts from the settlement of Mozgava, Pińczów Commune, Świętokrzyskie Province. Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 3, 145-173
Johnson G. A. 1972. A test of the utility of the Central Place Theory in archaeology. In P. J. Ucko, R. Tringham and G. W. Dimbleby (eds.), Man, Settlement and Urbanism. London: Duckworth, 769-787
Hamilton M. J., Milne B. T., Walker R. S., and Brown J. H. 2007. Nonlinear scaling of space use in human hunter-gatherers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104(11), 4765-4769
Hamilton M. J., Milne B. T., Walker R. S., Burger O., and Brown J. H. 2007. The complex structure of hunter-gatherer social network. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274/1622, 2195-2202
Hamilton M. J., Burger O., DeLong J. P., Walker R. S., Moses M. E., and Brown J. H. 2009. Population stability, cooperation, and the invisibility of the human species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106(30), 12255-12260
Hassan F. A. 1981. Demographic Archaeology. New York: Academic Press
Kruk J. 1969. Grób szkieletowy kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej w Michałowicach, pow. Kraków. Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 21, 399
Kruk J. 1980. Gospodarka w Polsce południowo-wschodniej w V-III tysiącleciu P.N.E. Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków – Gdańsk: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 1981. Chronology of Funel Beaker, Baden-like, and Lublin-Volynian settlement at Bronocice, Poland. Germania 59(1), 1-19
Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 1985. Bronocice. Osiedle obronne ludności kultury lubelsko-wołyńskiej (2800-2700 lat p.n.e.). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 1990. Radiocarbon dating of Neolithic assemblages from Bronocice. Przegląd Archeologiczny 37, 195-228
Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 1999. Rozkwit i upadek społeczeństw rolniczych neolitu. Kraków: Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Kruk J., Milisauskas S., Alexandrowicz S. W. and Śnieszko Z. 1996. Osadnictwo i zmiany środowiska naturalnego Wyżyn Lessowych. Studium archeologiczne i paleogeograficzne nad neolitem w Dorzeczu Nidzicy. Kraków: Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Mandelbrot B. B. 1999. Multifractals and 1/f Noise: Wild Self-Affinity in Physics (1963-1976). New-York: Springer
Mandelbrot B. and Hudson R. L. 2004. The (Mis-)Behavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Risk, Ruin and Reward. New York: Basic Books
Milisauskas S. and Kruk J. 1984. Settlement organization and the appearance of low level hierarchical societies during the Neolithic in the Bronocice Microregion, Southeastern Poland. Germania 62(1), 1-29
Milisauskas S. and Kruk J. 1989. Neolithic economy in Central Europe. Journal of World Prehistory 3/4, 403-445
Milisauskas S. and Kruk J. 1993. Archaeological investigations on Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Southeastern Poland. In P. Bogucki (ed.), Case Studies in European Prehistory. London: CRC Press, 63-93
Milisauskas S. and Kruk J. 2008. Reflections on the Olszanica and Bronocice archaeological projects. In Z. Sulgostowska and A. J. Tomaszewski (eds.), Man – Millennia – Environment. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, 335-343
Milisauskas S., Kruk J., Pipes M.-L., and Makowicz-Poliszot D. 2012. Butchering and Meat Consumption in the Neolithic. The Exploitation of Animals at Bronocice. Kraków: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences
Minc L. D. 2006. Monitoring regional market systems in prehistory: Models, methods, and metrics. Journal of Anthropological Archeology 25, 82-116
Neustupný E. 1984. Mobilităt der ăneolitishen populationen. Slovenska Archeologia 29(1), 111-119
Nowak M. 1993. Osadnictwo kultury pucharów lejkowatych we wschodniej części Niecki Nidziańskiej. Kraków: Instytut Archeologii UJ
Nowak M. 2009. Drugie etap neolityzacji ziem polskich. Kraków: Instytut Archeologii UJ
Pelisiak A. 2003. Osadnictwo. Gospodarka. Społeczeństwo. Studia nad kulturą pucharów lejkowatych na Niżu Polskim. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Pelisiak A. 2015. Interpreting the Funnel Beaker culture village in central Poland: intra-site organization and the community. In A. Diachenko, F. Menotti, S. Ryzhov, K. Bunyatyan and S. Kadrow (eds.), The Cucuteni-Trypillia Cultural Complex and its Neighbours: Essays in Memory of Volodymyr Kruts. Lviv: Astrolabe, 241-255
Pipes M.-L., Kruk J. and Milisauskas S. 2015. Threads of Neolithic household cloth production at Bronocice. In K. Kristiansen, L. Šmejda and J. Turek (eds.), Paradigm Found: Archaeological Theory – Present, Past and Future. Essays in Honor of Evžen Neustupný. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 215-233
Przybył A. 2009. Społeczności późnoneolitycznej kultury pucharów lejkowatych na Kujawach. Problem wpływów z kręgu kultury badeńskiej. Poznań: Wydawnictwo UAM
Reynolds R. G. D. 2009. Linear settlement systems on the Upper Grijalva River: The application of a Markovian model. In Flannery K. V. (eds.), The Early Mesoamerican Village: Updated Edition. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press
Smith C. A. 1974. Economics of marketing systems: models from economic geography. Annual Review of Anthropology 3, 167-201
Stehli P. 1994. Chronologie der Bandkeramik im Merzbachtal. In Boelicke U., Frirdich C., Gaffrey J., Lüning J., Stehli P., Vaughan P. und Zimmermann A. Die Bandkeramik im Merzbachtal auf der Aldenhovener Platte. Rheinische Ausgrabungen 36. Köln: Rheinland-Verlag GMBH, 79-192
Videiko M. Yu. 2013. Kompleksnoe izuchenie krupnykh poseleniy Tripolskoy kultury V-IV tys. do n.e. Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing
Włodarczak P. 2006. Chronologia grupy południowo-wschodniej kultury pucharów lejkowatych w świetle dat radiowęglowych. In J. Libera and K. Tunia (eds.), Idea megalityczna w obrządku pogrzebowym kultury pucharów lejkowatych, Lublin – Kraków: Wydawnictwo UMCS, Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 27-66
Włodarczak P. 2013. Projekt badań chronologii absolutnej eneolitu i początków epoki brązu w Małopolsce. In I. Cheben and M. Soják (eds.), Otázky neolitu a eneolitu našich krajin. Nitra: Archeologickỳ ústav SAV, 373-387
Woldenberg M. J. and Berry B. J. L. 1967. Rivers and central places: analogous systems? Journal of Regional Science 7(2), 129-139
Zastawny A. 2008. The Baden and the Funnel Beaker-Baden settlement in Lesser Poland. In M. Furholt, M. Szmyt and A. Zastawny (eds.), The Baden Complex and the Outside World (= Studien zur Archäologie in Ostmitteleuropa 4). Bonn: Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 177-188
Zastawny A. 2015. The Baden complex in Lesser Poland – horizons of cultural influences. In: M. Nowak and A. Zastawny (eds.), The Baden culture around the Western Carpathians (= Via Archaeologica). Kraków: Krakowski Zespół do Badań Autostrad, 119-150
Zipf G. K. 1965. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. New York and London: Hafner Publishing Company
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Published
2016-12-20
How to Cite
Diachenko , A. ., Kruk , J., & Milisauskas , S. . (2016). What does the bell-distribution hide? Spatial behavior and demographic development of the Funnel Beaker culture populations in Bronocice region, Poland . Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 68, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.23858/SA68.2016.002
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