Stereotypes in the Service of Anthropological Inquiry: Pilgrims From Ukraine in the Kalwaria Pacławska Sanctuary
Keywords:
pilgrimage, Roman Catholicism, collective memory, ethnic stereotypes, anthropological interpretation, Kalawaria Pacławska, PolandAbstract
This article tackles the question of Polish-Ukrainian relations in the Roman Catholic sanctuary in Kalwaria Pacławska, located very close to the Polish-Ukrainian state border. It discusses how not taking a firm stand in debates on the multi-faith history of the cult site, and excluding some pilgrimage groups from an official religious discourse constructed by the sanctuary authorities, results in a certain otherizing and exotizing of these groups. Focusing on relations between Polish Roman Catholic pilgrims and pilgrims of various Christian faiths coming to Kalwaria Pacławska from Ukraine, I analyse the role of ethnic stereotypes, prejudices, collective memory and current historical policy in anthropological interpretation. Suggesting an interpretation of fieldwork data that goes beyond the context of Polish-Ukrainian relations and, although not denying this context as a background of field research, I propose a complementary understanding of the processes observed in the field, namely as the defence of authenticity of religious experiences.
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References
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Zowczak M. 2011. Antropologia, historia a sprawa ukraińska. O taktyce pogranicza. Lud 95, 45–66.
Baraniecka K. 2008. Communitas a intencje pątników – typy uczestnictwa w pielgrzymce. Wielki Odpust Kalwaryjski Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Kalwarii Pacławskiej. Etnografia Polska 52 (1–2), 137–154.
Baraniecka-Olszewska K. 2016. O Wielkim Odpuście w Kalwarii Pacławskiej ponownie. Refleksja nad antropologią pielgrzymek. Etnografia Polska 60 (1–2), 27–42.
Baraniecka-Olszewska K. 2018a. Praktyki pamięci. Inscenizacja rzezi wołyńskiej jako przedmiot sporu o pamięć. In Z. Bogumił and A. Szpociński (eds.), Stare i nowe tendencje w obszarze pamięci społecznej. Warszawa, 179–195.
Baraniecka-Olszewska K. 2018b. Natura Sanat: On Ecological Aspects of Healing Miracles in Kalwaria Pacławska, Poland. Journal of Global Catholicism 2 (2), 26–54.
Bogumił Z. 2016. Pamięć o konfliktach i dialogach Polaków z sąsiadami zapisana w kulturowym krajobrazie stolicy. W J. Kurczewska (ed.), Przemiany kulturowe we współczesnej Polsce. Ramy, właściwości, epizody. Warszawa, 402–426.
Bowman G. 1993, Nationalizing the Sacred, Shrines and Shifting Identities in the Israeli-Occupied Territories. Man 28 (3) 431–460.
Buyskykh I. 2016a. Pomiędzy pamięcią a granicą, ukraińska pielgrzymka na Kalwarię Pacławską. Etnografia Polska 60 (1–2), 43–62.
Buyskykh I. 2016b. An Ukrainian Scholar in Poland, Notes in the Margins. Lud 100, 151–160.
Buyskykh I. 2018a. Forgive, Forget or Feign, “Everyday Diplomacy” in Local Communities of Polish Subcarpathia. Journal of Global Catholicism 2 (2), 56–86.
Buyskykh I. 2018b. In Pursuit of Healing and Memories, Cross-Border Ukrainian Pilgrimage to Polish Shrine. in print.
Buzalka J. 2007. Nation and Religion, The Politics of Commemorations in South-East Poland. Berlin.
Csordas T. J. 1990. Embodiment as a Paradigm for Anthropology. Ethos 18 (1), 5–47.
Eade J. and Sallnow M. J. 1991. Introduction. In J. Eade and M. J. Sallnow (eds.), Contesting the Sacred. The Anthropology of Christian Pilgrimage. London, 1–29.
Hann C h. 1996. Ethnic Cleansing in Eastern Europe, Poles and Ukrainians beside the Curzon Line. Nations and Nationalisms 3 (3), 389–406.
Hann C h. 1998a. Postsocialist Nationalism, Rediscovering the Past in Southeast Poland. Slavic Review 57 (4), 840–863.
Hann C h. 1998b. Religion, Trade and Trust in South-East Poland. Religion, State and Society. The Keston Journal 26 (3–4), 235–249.
Hastrup K. 1995. A Passage to Anthropology. Between Experience and Theory. London–New York.
Hayden R. M. 2002. Antagonistic Tolerance, Competitive Sharing of Religious Sites in South Asia and the Balkans. Current Anthropology 43 (2), 205–231.
Howe L. 2000. Risk, Ritual, Performance. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 6 (1), 63–79.
Ksenicz I. 2013. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński 1943–1947 w polskiej historiografii i debacie politycznej. Refleksje 7, 41–56.
Lubańska M. 2016. Muslims and Christians in the Bulgarian Rhodopes. Studies on Religious (Anti)Syncrerism. Berlin.
Meyer B. 2006. Religious Sensations. Why Media, Aesthetics and Power Matter in the Study of Contemporary Religion. http://www.fsw.vu.nl/nl/Images/Oratietekst_Birgit_Meyer_tcm249-36764.pdf, access: 02.02.2016.
Meyer B. 2011. Mediation and Immediacy, Sensational Forms, Semiotic Ideologies and the Question of the Medium. Social Anthropology 19 (1), 23–39.
Motyka G. 2011. Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji „Wisła”. Konflikt polsko-ukraiński 1943–1947. Kraków.
Motyka G. 2016. Wołyń ’43. Kraków.
Niedźwiedź A. 2014. Competing Sacred Places, Making and Remaking of National Shrines in Contemporary Poland. In J. Eade and M. Katić (eds.), Pilgrimage, Politics and Place-Making in Eastern Europe. Crossing the Borders. Fahrnam–Burlington, 79–99.
Pasieka A. 2015. Hierarchy and Pluralism, Living Religious Difference in Catholic Poland. New York.
Pasieka A. 2016. Reenacting Ethnic Cleansing: People’s History and Elitist Nationalism in Contemporary Poland. Nations and Nationalism 22 (1), 63–83.
Portnov A. 2012. Pamięć o drugiej wojnie światowej i jej nurty we współczesnej Ukrainie. Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość 19, 467–476.
Portnov A. 2016. Clash of Victimhoods, the Volhynia Massacre in Polish and Ukrainian Memory.
https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andrii-portnov/clash-of-victimhood-1943-volhynian-massacre-in-polish-and-ukrainian-culture, access: 5.03.2017.
Schieffelin E. 1996. On Failure and Performance, Throwing the Medium out of The Séance. In C. Laderman and M. Roseman (eds.), The Performance of Healing. London–New York, 59–89.
Sekerdej K. and Pasieka A. 2013. Researching the Dominant Religion, Anthropology at Home and Methodological Catholicism. Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 25 (1), 53–77.
Snyder T. 2016. Wołyń 1943. Ukraińsko-polskie czystki etniczne. Warszawa.
Zowczak M. 2011. Antropologia, historia a sprawa ukraińska. O taktyce pogranicza. Lud 95, 45–66.
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Published
2018-06-29
How to Cite
Baraniecka-Olszewska, K. (2018). Stereotypes in the Service of Anthropological Inquiry: Pilgrims From Ukraine in the Kalwaria Pacławska Sanctuary. Ethnologia Polona, 38, 89–106. Retrieved from https://journals.iaepan.pl/ethp/article/view/45
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