Abstrakt
The article investigates the innovative potential embedded in the anthropological reflection on Eastern Christianity and its possible impact on theoretical conceptualizations currently prevailing the scholarship on anthropology of religion and anthropology of economy. Both of these subfields of anthropology owe much to Max Weber. Weber’s framework underlined the economic ethic (Wirtschaftsethik) of Protestantism as the key to the genesis of modernity, secularity, and European exceptionalism, but an inadvertent result of this line of thought is the emphasis on Protestantism which dominated anthropological reflection on religion. Another corollary of Weber’s influence is the link between material/financial success and interiorized belief which occupies a special position in anthropological/theoretical meta-representations. However, the Eastern Christian perspective offers an alternative viewpoint on matters of materiality, individual and collective conceptualizations of personhood, pertinence of belief, and salvation. Yet, Weber’s influence remains fundamental in the way his thought constitutes anthropological common sense, and, consequently, forms a methodological and theoretical impediment to anthropological study of Eastern Christianity. The article discusses the ethnocentrism of the ‘elective affinities’, i.e. the entanglement of concrete theoretical conceptualizations the social theory owes to Weber and highlights Eastern Christianity as a vantage point for comparative research leading to tantalizing theoretical innovations.
Bibliografia
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Hann Chris, Goltz Hermann 2010, Introduction: The Other Christianity?, [w:] Ch. Hann, H. Goltz (red.), Eastern Christians in anthropological perspective, University of California Press, Berkeley, s. 1–29.
Hann Chris, Goltz Hermann (red.) 2010, Eastern Christians in anthropological perspective, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Harakas Stanley 1992, Living the faith: The praxis of Eastern Orthodox ethics, Light and Life Publishing Company, Minneapolis.
Hirschon Renée 2010, Indigenous persons and imported individuals: Changing paradigms of personal identity in contemporary Greece, [w:] Ch. Hann, H. Goltz (red.), Eastern Christians in Anthropological Perspective, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, s. 289–310.
Humphrey Caroline 2014, Schism, event, and revolution: The Old-Believers of Trans-Baikalia, Current Anthropology, vol. 55 (suppl. 10), s. 216–225.
Jakub bp (Kostiuczuk) 2005, Istota i rola monastycyzmu, [w:] Z dziejów Monastyru Supraskiego. Materiały międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej „Supraski monaster Zwiastowania Przenajświętszej Bogarodzicy i jego historyczna rola w rozwoju społeczności lokalnej i dziejach państwa”, Oikonomos, Białystok, s. 17–26.
Keane Webb 2007, Christian moderns: Freedom and fetish in the mission encounter, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London.
Keane Webb 2014, Rotting bodies: The clash of stances toward materiality and its ethical affordances, Current Anthropology, vol. 55 (suppl. 10), s. 312–321.
Kenworthy Scott 2008, To save the World or to renounce it: Modes of moral action in Russian Orthodoxy, [w:] M.D. Steinberg, C. Wanner (red.), Religion, morality, and community in post-soviet societies, Woodrow Wilson Center Press & Indiana University Press, Washington D.C. & Bloomington, s. 21–54.
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Knight, Douglas H. (red.) 2007, The theology of John Zizioulas: Personhood and the Church, Ashgate, Aldershot.
Kormina Jeanne 2004, Pilgrims, priest and local religion in contemporary Russia: Contested religious discourses, Folklore, vol. 28, http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol28/pilgrims.pdf, dostęp 23.11.2017.
Kormina Jeanne 2010, Avtobusniki: Russian Orthodox pilgrims’ longing for authenticity, [w:] Ch. Hann, H. Goltz (red.), Eastern Christians in anthropological perspective, University of California Press, Berkeley, s. 267–286.
Kormina Jeanne 2012, Nomadičeskoe pravoslavie: o novyh formah religioznoj žizni v sovremennoj Rossii, Ab Imperio, vol. 2, s. 195–227.
Kormina Žanna, Pančenko Aleksander, Štyrkov Sergei (red.) 2006, Sny Bogorodicy: issledovaniâ po antropologii religii, Evropejskij Universitet v Sankt-Peterburge, Sankt-Petersburg.
Köllner Tobias 2010, Practising without belonging? Entrepreneurship, morality, and religion in contemporary Russia, praca doktorska, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg.
Köllner Tobias 2011, Built with gold or tears? Moral discourses on Church construction and the role of entrepreneurial donations, [w:] J. Zigon (red.), Multiple moralities and religions in Russia, Berghahn Books, New York, s. 191–213.
Köllner Tobias 2012, Practising without belonging? Entrepreneurship, morality, and religion in contemporary Russia, Lit-Verlag, Berlin.
Lourié Basil 2007, Russian Christianity, [w:] K. Parry (red.), The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Carlton, Victoria, s. 207–230.
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Lubańska Magdalena (red.) 2007, Religijność chrześcijan obrządku wschodniego na pograniczu polsko-ukraińskim, Instytut Etnologii i Antropologii Kulturowej UW i DiG, Warszawa.
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Ładykowska Agata 2016, Orthodox Atheists – religion, morality, and education in postsocialist Russia, praca doktorska, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg.
Mahmood Saba 2005, The politics of piety: The Islamic revival and the feminist subject, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Mandel Ruth, Humphrey Caroline (red.) 2002, Markets and Moralities: Ethnographies of Postsocialism, Berg, Oxford.
Maximos bp (E. Aghiorgoussis) 1999, Monastycyzm, [w:] K. Leśniewski, J. Leśniewska (red.), Prawosławie. Światło wiary i zdrój doświadczenia, Prawosławna Diecezja Lubelsko-Chełmska, Lublin, s. 131–142.
Meyendorff John 1984 [1979], Teologia bizantyjska. Historia i doktryna, tłum. J. Prokopiuk, Pax, Warszawa.
Moore R. Laurence 1994, Selling God: American religion in the marketplace of culture, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Naumescu Vlad 2007, Modes of religiosity in Eastern Christianity: Religious processes and social change in Western Ukraine, LIT, Münster.
Needham Rodney 1972, Belief, language, and experience, Blackwell, Oxford.
Parry Jonathan, Bloch Maurice (red.) 1989, Money and the morality of exchange, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Pelikan Jaroslav 2003, The spirit of Eastern Christendom (600–1700), University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
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