Barrows in the forest-steppe between the Dniester and Southern Bug, Ukraine. Initial results of comprehensive research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23858/SA/75.2023.1.3535Abstract
The article presents the preliminary results of research by a Polish-Ukrainian team who in 2018-2023 worked on the project of comprehensive exploration of barrows situated in the forest-steppe between the Southern Bug and Dniester in modern Ukraine. There, two major stages of erecting and using barrows were distinguished for the 3rd and 1st millennia BC. Two barrows discussed herein, explored as part of the project, were erected in the second stage. Barrow 3 in Ivanivtsi-Antonivka can be dated to the second half of the 10th – first half of the 8th century BC, whereas Barrow 6 in Sloboda Noskovetska to the late 8th – early 7th century BC. The older one was erected and then used by communities related to the early period of the Chornolis culture. The younger one is at present one of the main pre-Scythian complexes of eastern Podillia. The multi-component set of artefacts deposited under its mound represents a mixture of the Chornolis culture, Basarabi-Şoldăneşti influences and impact of early steppe nomads (Cimmerians?). It illustrates well a complex cultural mosaic found in the forest-steppe between the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers.
Downloads
References
Berezanska S. S. 1964. Keramika bilohrudivskoi kultury (za materialamy rozkopok bilia s. Sobkivka). Arkheolohiya 16, 49-75.
Bilan Yu. O. and Soltys O. B. 2014. Velykyi kurgan rannoskifskogo chasu poblyzu sela Ivankovychi na Kyivshchyni. Kyiv: Oleh Filiuk.
Bobrinskiy A. 1887. Kurgany i sluchaynye arkheologicheskie nahodki bliz mestechka Smely. Vol. 1. Sankt-Peterburg: M.M. Stasyulevich.
Boiko Yu. N. 1989. Otchet ob okhrannykh arkheologicheskikh issledovaniyakh na territorii Vinnitskoy oblasti v 1989 godu. Naukoviy arkhiv IA NANU, f.e. 1989/126.
Boltryk Y. and Ignaczak M. eds 2016. Ukrainian fortresses. A Study of a Strongholds System from the Early Iron Age in Podolia. Baltic-Pontic Studies 21.
Bouzek J. 1973. Graeco-macedonian bronzes (analysis and chronology). Praha: Universita Karlova. Bronk Ramsey C. 2020. Oxcal v4.4.4. Oxford (www. rlaha.ox.ac.uk).
Castelluccia M. and Dan R. 2014. Caucasian, Iranian and Urartian Bronze Bells. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 20, 67-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341261
David A., Linford N. and Linford P. 2008. Geophysical Survey in Archaeological Field Evaluation. Swindon: English Heritage.
Erlih V. R. 2007. Severo-Zapadniy Kavkaz v nachale zheleznogo veka. Protomeotskaya gruppa pamyatnikov. Moskva: Nauka.
Fassbinder J. 2015. Seeing beneath the farmland, steppe and desert soil: magnetic prospecting and soil magnetism. Journal of Archaeological Science 56, 85-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.02.023
Gershkovich Ya. P. 2016. Subotovskoe gorodische. Kiev: Institut arkheologii NAN Ukrainy.
Golceva N. V. and Kashuba M. T. 1995. Glinzhen II. Mnogosloyniy pamiatnik Srednego Podnestrovia. Tiraspol: Natsionalnyi muzey istorii Moldovy.
Gumă M. 1993. Civilizaţia primei epoci a fierului în sud-vestul României. Bucureşti: S. C. Melior Trading SRL.
Hutsal A. F., Hutsal V. A. and Mohylov O. D. 2021. Early Scythian Barrow with Cremation on the Western Podillia. Arkheolohiya 1, 86-95. https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2021.01.086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2021.01.086
Ignaczak M., Boltryk Y., Shelekhan O., Lifantii O. and Olędzki Ł. 2016. The Fortresses of Ukraine: The Builders of Early Iron Age Strongholds in Podolia. Baltic-Pontic Studies 21, 277-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bps-2017-0017
Jones A., Montanarella L. and Jones R. 2005. Soil Atlas of Europe. The European Soil Bureau, Joint Research Centre.
Kashuba M. T. 2000. Rannee zhelezo v lesostepi mezhdu Dnestrom i Siretom (kultura Koziya-Saharna). Stratum plus 3, 241-488.
Kashuba M. T. and Golceva N. V. 1991. Saharnyanskiy mogilnik 1 (Cygleu). Sovetskaya arkheologiya 1, 197-209.
Kilian-Dirlmeier I. 1979. Anhänger in Griechenland von der mykenischen bis zur spätgeometrischen Zeit (griechisches Festland, Ionische Inseln, dazu Albanien und Jugoslawisch Mazedonien). Prähistorische Bronzefunde 11 (2). München: Beck.
Klochko V. I. and Skoriy S. A. 1993. K issledovaniyu pozdnechernolesskogo pogrebalnogo obriada. Rossijskaya arkheologiya 4, 54-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1993.111
Kośko A. ed. 2015. Podolia as a cultural contact area in the 4th/3rd-2nd millennium BC. Baltic-Pontic Studies 20.
Kośko A. ed. 2017. Podolia ‘barrow culture’ communities: 4th/3rd-2nd mill. BC. The Yampil Barrow Complex: Interdisciplinary Studies. Baltic-Pontic Studies 22.
Kośko A. and Klochko V. I. eds 2009. Routes between the Seas: Baltic-Bug-Boh-Pont from the 3rd to the middle of the 1st millennium BC. Baltic-Pontic Studies 14.
Kovpanenko G. T. 1984. “Chervona mogila” u s. Flyarkovka. In A. I. Melyukova (ed.), Drevnosti Evrazii v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya, 107-112. Moskva: Nauka.
Kovpanenko G. T., Bessonova S. S. and Skoriy S. A. 1994. Novye pogrebeniya rannego zheleznogo veka v Porose. In E. V. Chernenko (ed.), Drevnosti skifov, 41-63. Kiev: Institut arkheologii NANU.
Kovpanenko G. T. and Gupalo N. D. 1984. Pogrebenie voina u s. Kvitki v Porose. In E. V. Chernenko (ed.), Vooruzhenie skifov i sarmatov. Kiev: Naukova dumka, 39-58.
Krushelnytska L. I. 1998. Chornoliska kultura Serednoho Prydnistrovya (za materialami neporotivskoy grupy pamyatok). Lviv: Lvivska naukova biblioteka im. V. Stefanyka.
Kulkova M., Kashuba M., Gavrylyuk N., Kulkov A., Kaiser E., Vetrova M., Zanoci A., Platonova N., Hellström K. and Winger K. 2020. Composition of white paste inlay on the pottery from sites of the 10th-8th centuries BCE in the Northern Pontic region. Archaeometry 62/5, 917-934. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12567
Lagodovska O. F. 1954. Poselennya chasu piznoy bronzy v s. Sandraky. Arkheolohiya 9, 133-141.
Lobai B. I. 1977. Kurhany skifskoho chasu na Vinnychyni. Arkheolohiya 1, 17-84.
Makarowicz P., Cwaliński M., Niebieszczański J. and Romaniszyn J. 2017. Barrows from the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age in the Upper Dniester River Basin in Ukraine. Geophysical Research and Archaeological Verification. Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 12, 59-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15584/anarres.2017.12.5
Makarowicz P., Romaniszyn J. and Rud V. 2021. The barrow culture of the Upper Dniester Basin in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC: The Polish-Ukrainian research projects. In D. Żurkiewicz (ed.), Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 176-196. Poznań: Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/WA.2021.13.978-83-946591-9-6
Makhortykh S. V. 2005. Kimmeriytsy Severnogo Prichernomoria. Kiev: Shlyakh.
Melyukova A. I. 1958. Pamyatniki skifskogo vremeni lesostepnogo Srednego Podnestrovia. Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR 64, 5-102.
Melyukova A. I. 1979. Skifiya i frakiyskiy mir. Moskva: Nauka.
Melyukova A. I. 1989. Kultury predskifskogo perioda v lesostepnoy zone. In A. I. Melyukova (ed.), Stepi evropejskoy chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya, 16-29. Moskva: Nauka.
Metzner-Nebelsick C. and Nebelsick L. D. 1999. Frau und Pferd. Ein Topos am Übergang von der Bronze- zur Eisenzeit Europas. Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 129, 69-106.
Misiewicz K. 2006. Geofizyka archeologiczna. Warszawa: IAE PAN.
Mogilov A. D. 2004. Predskifskie blyahi-lunnitsy Vostochnoy i Tsentralnoy Evropy. Stratum plus 3, 289-304.
Pickartz N. , Hofmann R., Dreibrodt S., Rassmann K., Shatilo L., Ohlrau R., Wilken D. and Rabbel W. 2019. Deciphering archeological contexts from the magnetic map: Determination of daub distribution and mass of Chalcolithic house remains. The Holocene 29 (10), 1637-1652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619857238
Pogrebova M. N. 1984. Zakavkaze i ego svyazi s Peredney Aziey v skifskoe vremya. Moskva: Nauka.
Potupchyk M., Potupchyk M. and Ievseicheva T. 2018. Formuvannia arkheolohichnoi zbirky Vinnytskoho oblasnoho kraieznavchoho muzeiu. In Vinnytskyi oblasnyi kraieznavchyi muzei. Istorychni aspekty ta suchasnyi rozvytok: materialy nauk.-prakt. konf. 16-17 travnia 2018 r., 143-150. Vinnytsia.
Przybyła M., Rud V. S., Szmyt M., Włodarczak P., Żurkiewicz D. and Potupchyk M. V. 2021. Neinvazyvni doslidzhennya kurganiv v baseynakh richok Murafa ta Riv na Vinnychchyni u 2019 rotsi. Arkheologiya i davnya istoriya Ukrainy 2 (39), 330-337. https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.02.21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.02.21
Reimer P. J., Austin W. E. N., Bard E., Bayliss A., Blackwell P. G., Bronk Ramsey C., Butzin M., Cheng H., Edwards R. L., Friedrich M., Grootes P. M., Guilderson T. P., Hajdas I., Heaton T. J., Hogg A. G., Hughen K. A., Kromer B., Manning S. W., Muscheler R., Palmer J. G., Pearson C., van der Plicht J., Reimer R. W., Richards D. A., Scott E. M., Southon J. R., Turney C. S. M., Wacker L., Adolphi F., Büntgen U., Capano M., Fahrni S. M., Fogtmann-Schulz A., Friedrich R., Köhler P., Kudsk S.,
Miyake F., Olsen J., Reinig F., Sakamoto M., Sookdeo A. and Talamo S. 2020. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62/4, 725-757. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41
Rud V., Szmyt M., Włodarczak P. and Żurkiewicz D. 2020. Pershiy sezon doslidzhen kurganiv v baseynakh richok Murafa ta Riv. Arkheologichni doslidzhennya v Ukraini 2019, 15-16.
Rybalova V. D. 1961. K voprosu o khronologii nekotorykh grupp pamyatnikov epokhi bronzy i rannego zheleza na Ukraine. Arkheologicheskiy sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha 2, 9-25.
Salo B., Shelekhan O., Nazar I. and Kovalskyi-Bilokrylyi Ya. 2018. Rativni doslidzhennia zalyshkiv kurhanu skifskoho chasu Kladova Mohyla u Vinnytskii obl. In V. P. Chabai (ed.), I Vseukrainskii arkheolohichnyi zyizd. Kyiv: IA NANU, 124.
Schepinskiy A. A. 1962. Pogrebeniye nachala zheleznogo veka u Simferopola. Kratkie soobsheniya Instituta arkheologii 12, 57-66.
Shelekhan O. V. and Lifantii O. V. 2021. Yakushyntsi – poselennya chornoliskoy kultury na Pobuzhzhi. In S. I. Posokhov (ed.), Ranniy zalizniy vik Skhidnoi Evropy. Kharkiv, Kotelva: KhNU im. Karazina, IKZ Bilsk, 250-259.
Sitsinskiy Yu. 1901. Arkheologicheskaya karta Podolskoy guberníi. In Trudy XI Arkheologicheskogo syezda. Vol. 1, 197-354. Moskva: Tipografiya G. Lissnera i A. Geshela.
Sitsinskiy Yu. 1927. Narysy z istoriyi Podillya. Chastyna I. Vinnytsia: Vinnitska filya Vsenar. biblioteki Ukraini pri UAN. Kabinet vyuchuvannya Podillya 12.
Skoriy S. A. 1999. Kimmeriytsy v Ukrainskoy Lesostepi. Kiev, Poltava: Arkheolohiya.
Smekalova T., Voss O. and Smekalov L. 2008. Magnetic surveying in archaeology. More than 10 years of using the Overhauser GSM-19 gradiometer. Århus: Wormianum.
Smirnova G. I. 1977. O khronologicheskom sootnoshenii pamyatnikov tipa Saharna-Soloncheny i Zhabotin (po materialam kurganov u s. Mervintsy na Dnestre). Sovetskaya arkheologiya 4, 94-107.
Smirnova G. I. 1982. Zakrytye predskifskie kompleksy u sela Dnestrovka-Luka. In A. M. Miklyaev (ed.), Drevnie pamyatniki kultury na territorii SSSR, 30-53. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh.
Smirnova G. I. 1983. Materialnaya kultura Grigorovskogo gorodischa (k voprosu formirovaniya chernolessko-zhabotinskikh pamyatnikov). Arkheologicheskiy sbornik 23, 60-72.
Smirnova G. I. 1984. O formirovanii pozdnechernolesskoy kultury na Srednem Dnestre. Arkheologicheskiy sbornik 25, 43-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20555516
Smirnova G. I. 1986. Poslednij sezon rabot na chernolesskom poselenii Dnestrovka-Luka i voprosy khronologii pozdnego Chernolesya. Arkheologicheskiy sbornik 27, 8-26.
Smirnova G. I., Vahtina M. Yu., Kashuba M. T. and Starkova E. G. 2018. Gorodische Nemirov na reke Yuzhniy Bug. Sankt-Peterburg: IIMK RAN.
Struk D. H. ed 1993. Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volume III: L-Pf. University of Toronto Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442632882
Sulimirski T. 1968. Corded Ware and Globular Amphorae north-east of the Carpathians. London: The Athlone Press.
Sveshnikov I. K. 1964. Pamyatky holihradskogo tipu na Zakhidnomu Podilli. Materialy i doslidzhennia z arkheologii Prykarpattia i Volyni 5, 40-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1964.tb07431.x
Sveshnikov I. K. 1983. Kultura sharovidnykh amfor. Arkheologiya SSSR. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov 1-27. Moskva: Nauka.
Szmyt M. 2013. View from the Northwest: Interaction Network in the Dnieper-Carpathian Area and the People of the Globular Amphora Culture in the Third Millennium BC. In V. Heyd, G. Kulcsár and V. Szeverényi (eds), Transitions to the Bronze Age. Interregional Interaction and Socio-Cultural Change in the Third Millennium BC. Carpathian Basin and Neighbouring Regions. Budapest: Archaeolingua, 93-111.
Szmyt M. 2021. Yamnaya and Globular Amphora culture relationships – facts and gaps. In V. Heyd, G. Kulcsár, and B. Preda-Bălănică (eds), Yamnaya Interactions. Proceedings of the International Workshop held in Helsinki, 25-26 April 2019 (= The Yamnaya Impact on Prehistoric Europe 2). Budapest: Archaeolingua, 415-434.
Szmyt M., Zakharev V., Kozak O. and Rudych T. 2021. A Grave in Ilyatka and Globular Amphora Site Cluster on the Southern Bug, Podillya, Ukraine. Baltic-Pontic Studies 25, 265-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/bps.2021.25.8
Terenozhkin A. I. 1961. Predskifskiy period na Dneprovskom Pravoberezhe. Kiev: AN USSR.
Voronina A. V. ed 1977. Mapa glebowa Ukrainy 1 : 2500000. Moskwa: Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii ZSRR.
Vulpe A. 1965. Zur Mittleren Hallstattzeit in Rumänien (Die Basarabi-Kultur). Dacia IX, 105-132.
Vulpe A. 1986. Zur Entstehung der geto-dakischen Zivilisations. Die Basarabikultur. Dacia NS 30/1-2, 49-90.
Zaec I. I. 1979. Kurgannyi kompleks ranneskifskogo vremeni u s. Tyutki Vinnitskoy oblasti. Sovetskaya arheologiya 1, 256-260.
Zagoruiko V. T. 1990. Otchet o provedenii arkheologicheskih issledovaniy v 1990 godu selisha Kupustyany II u s. Kapustyany Trostyaneckogo rayona i kurgannogo mogilnika u s. Bandyshovka Mogilev-Podolskogo rayona Vinnitskoy oblasti. Naukoviy arkhiv IA NANU, f.e. 1990/65.
Zverev E. 2004. Nekotorye voprosy razvitiya vostochnoy periferii kultury Basarab-Sholdenesht. In Antropologicheskie issledovaniya v Moldove, 13-18. Kishinev: Vysshaya antropologicheskaya shkola.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
