Abstrakt
Sudan, like many African countries, is a creation of the European imperialism. Not only the matter of borders is meant here, but complex processes of destruction and creation at the same time, which considerably affected what we understand today under the name of Sudan. The article explores the European ideas concerning Sudan, once the largest African country, which considerably contributed to the strengthening of Europe's hegemony in this territory during the period of colonialism and imperialism and today determine the phenomena of culture or political situation in this country. The reflections presented here have been formed by exploring the archives of colonial Sudan deposited at the Sudan Archive in Durham in North-East England.
Bibliografia
Abdel Ghaffar M.Ahmed, 2003, Introduction, [w:] Anthropology in the Sudan. Reflections by a Sudanese anthropology, red. Abdel Ghaffar M. Ahmed, International Books, Utrecht, s. 1-14
Abdelrahman Ali Mohammed, Weisby Derek, 2011, Early states on the Nile, [w:] The Sudan handbook, red. J. Ryle. J. Willis, S. Baldo, Jok Madut Jok, James Currey Publishers, New York-London, s. 23-31
Boddy Janice P., 2007, Civilizing women. British crusades in colonial Sudan, Princeton University Press, Princeton
Collins Robert O., 1972, The Sudan political service, a portrait of the „Imperialists", African Affairs, vol. LXXI, no. 284, July 1972, s. 293-303
Collins Robert O., 1984, Shadows in the grass. Britain in the Southern Sudan 1918-1956, Yale University Press, Haven-London
Collins Robert O., 1990, The waters of the Nile. Hydropolitics and the Jongolei Canal, 1900-1988, Calrendon Press, Oxford
Cruickshank Alexander, 1948, Female circumcision in the Sudan (archiwalne zapiski, SAD.851/ 11/1-4(1948?))
Daly Martin W., 1986, Empire of the Nile. The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Daly Martin W., Hogan Jane R., 2005, Images of empire. Photographic sources for the British in the Sudan, Brill, Leiden
Daly Martin W., Holt Peter, 2000, A history of Sudan from the coming of Islam to the present day, Pearson Education Limited, London
Fluehr-Lobban Carolyn, 2004, A critical anthropology review on race in the Nile valley [w:] Race and identity in the Nile valley, red. C. Fluehr-Lobban, K. Rhodes, The Red Sea Press Trenton-Asmara, s. 133-155
Giffen J. Kelly, 1905, The Egyptian Sudan, Fleming H. Revell Company, New York
Howard-Williams Ernest L., 1934, ...Something new out of Africa, Sir I. Pitman & sons, ltd London
Idris Amir H., 2001, Sudan's civil war. Slavery, race andformational identities, Edwin Mellen Press. London
Jackson Henry C., 1954, The fighting Sudanese, Macmillan, London
Jackson Henry C., 1954, Sudan days and ways. Behind the modern Sudan, Macmillan London
Moorehead Alan, 1985, Nad Nilem Białym i Błękitnym, PIW, Warszawa (I wyd. 1960)
Ryle John, Willis Justin, 2011, Introduction. Many Sudans, [w:] The Sudan handbook, red. J. Ryle. J. Willis, S. Baldo, Jok Madut Jok, James Currey Publishers, New York-London, s. 1-10
Seligman Charles G., Seligman Brenda Z., 1965, Pagan tribes of Nilotic Sudan, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London (I wyd. 1932)
Sudan political service..., 1930, Sudan political service 1899-1929 (Compiled from Official Records), Civil Secretaty's Office, Sudan Government, Khartoum
Titherington Geoffrey W., 1927, The Riak Dinka of Bahr el Ghazal Province, Sudan Notes and Records, X, s. 159-209
Troutt Powell Eve, 2000, Brothers along the Nile: Egyptian concepts about the race and the ethnicity, 1895-1910, [w:] The Nile. History, cultures, myths, red. H.Erlikh, I.Gershon, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, Boulder, s. 153-171
Voll John O., Potts-Voll Sarah, 1985, The Sudan: Unity and diversity in a multicultural state, Westview Press, Boulder
Winder John, 1991, Differences between the Northern and Southern Sudan and the administrative problems these raised, [w:] Condominium remembered, Volume 1, The making of the Sudanese state, red. D. Lavin, Occasional Papers Series, No. 42 (1991), University of Durham, Durham
Wingate Raginald, 1918, Foreword, Sudan Notes and Records, I, s. 1
Abdelrahman Ali Mohammed, Weisby Derek, 2011, Early states on the Nile, [w:] The Sudan handbook, red. J. Ryle. J. Willis, S. Baldo, Jok Madut Jok, James Currey Publishers, New York-London, s. 23-31
Boddy Janice P., 2007, Civilizing women. British crusades in colonial Sudan, Princeton University Press, Princeton
Collins Robert O., 1972, The Sudan political service, a portrait of the „Imperialists", African Affairs, vol. LXXI, no. 284, July 1972, s. 293-303
Collins Robert O., 1984, Shadows in the grass. Britain in the Southern Sudan 1918-1956, Yale University Press, Haven-London
Collins Robert O., 1990, The waters of the Nile. Hydropolitics and the Jongolei Canal, 1900-1988, Calrendon Press, Oxford
Cruickshank Alexander, 1948, Female circumcision in the Sudan (archiwalne zapiski, SAD.851/ 11/1-4(1948?))
Daly Martin W., 1986, Empire of the Nile. The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Daly Martin W., Hogan Jane R., 2005, Images of empire. Photographic sources for the British in the Sudan, Brill, Leiden
Daly Martin W., Holt Peter, 2000, A history of Sudan from the coming of Islam to the present day, Pearson Education Limited, London
Fluehr-Lobban Carolyn, 2004, A critical anthropology review on race in the Nile valley [w:] Race and identity in the Nile valley, red. C. Fluehr-Lobban, K. Rhodes, The Red Sea Press Trenton-Asmara, s. 133-155
Giffen J. Kelly, 1905, The Egyptian Sudan, Fleming H. Revell Company, New York
Howard-Williams Ernest L., 1934, ...Something new out of Africa, Sir I. Pitman & sons, ltd London
Idris Amir H., 2001, Sudan's civil war. Slavery, race andformational identities, Edwin Mellen Press. London
Jackson Henry C., 1954, The fighting Sudanese, Macmillan, London
Jackson Henry C., 1954, Sudan days and ways. Behind the modern Sudan, Macmillan London
Moorehead Alan, 1985, Nad Nilem Białym i Błękitnym, PIW, Warszawa (I wyd. 1960)
Ryle John, Willis Justin, 2011, Introduction. Many Sudans, [w:] The Sudan handbook, red. J. Ryle. J. Willis, S. Baldo, Jok Madut Jok, James Currey Publishers, New York-London, s. 1-10
Seligman Charles G., Seligman Brenda Z., 1965, Pagan tribes of Nilotic Sudan, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London (I wyd. 1932)
Sudan political service..., 1930, Sudan political service 1899-1929 (Compiled from Official Records), Civil Secretaty's Office, Sudan Government, Khartoum
Titherington Geoffrey W., 1927, The Riak Dinka of Bahr el Ghazal Province, Sudan Notes and Records, X, s. 159-209
Troutt Powell Eve, 2000, Brothers along the Nile: Egyptian concepts about the race and the ethnicity, 1895-1910, [w:] The Nile. History, cultures, myths, red. H.Erlikh, I.Gershon, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, Boulder, s. 153-171
Voll John O., Potts-Voll Sarah, 1985, The Sudan: Unity and diversity in a multicultural state, Westview Press, Boulder
Winder John, 1991, Differences between the Northern and Southern Sudan and the administrative problems these raised, [w:] Condominium remembered, Volume 1, The making of the Sudanese state, red. D. Lavin, Occasional Papers Series, No. 42 (1991), University of Durham, Durham
Wingate Raginald, 1918, Foreword, Sudan Notes and Records, I, s. 1