A Ticket to a Better Life? Work in Poland in the Imaginaries of Overseas Filipino Migrants
PDF (Język Polski)

Keywords

Filipino migration
overseas work
recruitment agencies
imaginaries
better life
Philippines

How to Cite

Polski, O., & Patzer, H. (2024). A Ticket to a Better Life? Work in Poland in the Imaginaries of Overseas Filipino Migrants. Etnografia Polska, 68(1-2). https://doi.org/10.23858/EP68.2024.3839

Abstract

The migration of Filipinos to Poland is arranged mainly through recruitment agencies and is mainly undertaken for contract work. This is a result of Poland emerging as an attractive migration destination country in the recent years, and of the participation of Poland in the global job placement market. The aim of this article is to discuss the way Filipino migrants envision work abroad, and how this imaginary matches the reality of working in Poland. Analyzing migrant narratives and practices, we will show how Filipino workers fare in migration. We claim that the case of the Philippines is an especially telling example when it comes to the positive vision of working abroad. These imaginaries are shaped by the stories told by other migrants, an intergenerational pattern of migrating overseas, media coverage, as well as the narratives of the recruitment agencies. The positive imaginary of working in Poland is also a result of earlier migration experiences. Even if working abroad requires the lowering of one’s social position, it still is seen as meaningful, because it is supposed to bring a “better life” in the future. The article is a result of long-term research done by both authors over the last years. Supporting data was gathered during a joint fieldwork trip in February 2024.

https://doi.org/10.23858/EP68.2024.3839
PDF (Język Polski)

References

Aguilar Filomeno V. (red.) 2005, Filipinos in Global Migrations: At Home in the World? Philippine Migration Research Network and Philippine Social Science Council, Quezon City.

Aguilar Filomeno V. 2016, Migration Revolution. Philippine Nationhood and Class Relations in a Globalized Age, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon City.

Aguilar Filomeno V., Penalosa John Estanley Z., Liwanag Tania Belen T., Cruz I Resto S., Melendrez Jimmy M. 2009, Maalwang Buhay. Family, Overseas Migration, and Cultures of Relatedness in Barangay Paraiso, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon City.

Asis Maruja Milagros B., Huang Shirlena I., Yeoh Brenda S. A. 2004, When the Light of the Home is Abroad: Unskilled Female Migration and the Filipino Family, Singapora Journal of Tropical Ethnography, vol. 25, nr 2, s. 198–215.

Ayaydin Deniz Berfin 2020, Found a Nanny and Lived Happily Ever After: The Representations of Filipino Nannies on Human Resources Agency Websites in Turkey, [w:] F.K. Seiger, C. Timmerman, N.B. Salazar, J. Wets (red.), Migration at Work: Aspirations, Imaginaries & Structures of Mobility, Leuven University Press, Leuven, s. 171–190.

Bernardo Allan B. I., Clemente Jose Antonio R., Tulips Yiwen Wang 2018, Working for a Better Future: Social Mobility Beliefs and Expectations of Filipino Migrant Workers in Macau, Australian Journal of Psychology, vol. 70, nr 4, s. 350–360.

Constable Nicole 2007, Maid to Order in Hong Kong: Stories of Migrant Workers, wyd. 2, Cornell University Press, Ithaca–London.

De Guzman Maria Rosario, Garcia Aileen S. 2017, From Bonds to Bridges and Backagain: Co-ethnicties and the Making of Filipino Community in Poland, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 44, nr 2, s. 503–520.

De Haas Hein 2005, International Migration, Remittances and Development: Myths and Facts, Third World Quarterly, vol. 26, nr 8, s. 1269–1284.

Frydenlund Shae, Dunn Elizabeth Cullen 2022, Refugees and Racial Capitalism: Meatpacking and the Primitive Accumulation of Labor, Political Geography, vol. 95, s. 1–8.

Glick-Schiller Nina, Salazar Noel B. 2013, Regimes of Mobility Across the Globe, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 39, nr 2, s. 183–200.

Guevarra Anna Romina 2010, Marketing Dreams, Manufacturing Heroes. The Transnational Labor Brokering of Filipino Workers, Rutgers University Press, New Jersey–London.

Høgsholm Filomenita Mongaya (red.) 2007, In De Olde Worlde: Views of Filipino Migrants in Europe, Philippine Social Science Council, Quezon City.

Horolets Anna 2023, Alternatywne wizje dobrego życia. Wprowadzenie, Studia Socjologiczne, vol. 1, nr 248, s. 5–30.

Hosoda Naomi 2013, Kababayan Solidarity? Filipino Communities and Class Relations in United Arab Emirates Cities, Journal of Arabian Studies: Arabia, the Gulf, and the Red Sea, vol. 3, nr 1, s. 8–35.

Jayadeva Sazana 2019, „Keep Calm and Apply to Germany”: How Online Communities Mediate Transnational Student Mobility from India to Germany, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 46, nr 1, s. 2240–2257.

Jayadeva Sazana 2023, ‘Study-abroad Influencers’ and Insider Knowledge: How New Forms of Study-abroad Expertise on Social Media Mediate Student Mobility from India to Germany, Mobilities, vol. 19, nr 1, s. 1–17.

Liao Karen Anne S. 2019, Mobile Practices and the Production of Professionals on the Move: Filipino Highly Skilled Migrants in Singapore, Geoforum, vol. 106, s. 214–222.

Limpangog Cirila 2013, Migration as a Strategy for Maintaining a Middle-class Identity: The Case of Professional Filipino Women in Melbourne, ASEAS – Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, vol. 6, nr 2, s. 307–329.

Lindquist Bruce A. 1993, Migration Networks: A Case Study in the Philippines, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, vol. 2, nr 1, s. 75–104.

Low Choo Chin 2021, Digitalization of Migration Management in Malaysia: Privatization and the Role of Immigration Service Providers, Migration & Integration, vol. 22, s. 1599–1627.

McKay Deirdre 2012, Global Filipinos: Migrants’ Lives in the Virtual Village, Indiana University Press, Bloomington–Indianapolis.

Madianou Mirca, Miller Daniel 2013, Polymedia: Towards a New Theory of Digital Media in Interpersonal Communication, International Journal of Cultural Studies, vol. 16, nr 2, s. 169–187.

Man Guida 2004, Gender, Work and Migration: Deskilling Chinese Immigrant Women in Canada, Women’s Studies International Forum, vol. 27, nr 2, s. 135–148.

Margold Jane A. 1995, Narratives of Masculinity and Transnational Migration: Filipino Workers in the Middle East, [w:] A. Ong, M.G. Peletz (red.), Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia, University of California Press, Berkeley, s. 274–298.

Mikulska Agnieszka, Patzer Helena (red.) 2012, Bieg przez płotki. Bariery na drodze do integracji, Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka, Warszawa.

Obi Chinedu, Bartolini Fabio, D’Haese Marijke 2020, Digitalization and Migration: The Role of Social Media and Migrant Networks in Migration Decisions. An Exploratory Study in Nigeria, Digital Policy Regulation and Governance, vol. 23, nr 1, s. 5–20.

Parreñas Rhacel Salazar 2001, Servants of Globalization. Women, Migration and Domestic Work, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.

Patzer Helena 2013, „Money Tree”, ethnographic film. Dir. Helena Patzer. Dir. of Photography: Kacper Czubak. Length: 40 min. Poland.

Patzer Helena 2015, Long-distance Care. The Practice of Sustaining Transnational Ties by Filipino Immigrants in Boston, praca doktorska, Instytut Etnologii i Antropologii Kulturowej UW.

Patzer Helena 2018a, Napotkanie przedtekstowego. Budowanie wiedzy etnograficznej o migranckich światach troski, Teksty Drugie, nr 1, s. 111–126.

Patzer Helena 2018b, Unpacking the Balikbayan Box. Long-distance Care Through Feeding and Food-consumption in the Philippines, Studia Socjologiczne, vol. 4, nr 231, s. 131–148.

Patzer Helena [w druku], „Troska na odległość. Transnarodowe światy filipińskich migrantów w Stanach Zjednoczonych”, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa.

Przybyszewska Anna 2020, Habitus Mismatch and Suffering Experienced by Polish Migrants Working Below Their Qualification Level in Norway, Central and Eastern European Migration Review, vol. 9, nr 2, s. 71–88.

Redlová Pavla 2013, Employment of Filipinas as Nannies in the Context of Post-socialist Czech Republic, Urban People / Lidé Mesta, vol. 15, nr 2, s. 185–215.

Sert Deniz Ş. 2016, From Skill Translation to Devaluation: The De-qualification of Migrants in Turkey, New Perspectives on Turkey, vol. 54, s. 97–117.

Shtern Jeremy, Hill Stephanie, Chan Daphne 2019, Social Media Influence: Performative Authenticity and the Relational Work of Audience Commodification in the Philippines, International Journal of Communication, vol. 13, s. 1939–1958.

Solomon M. Scott 2009, State-led Migration, Democratic Legitimacy, and Deterritorialization: The Philippines’ Labour Export Model, European Journal of East Asian Studies, vol. 8, nr 2, s. 275–300.

Walczak Gaweł, Helena Patzer 2012, Grupy cudzoziemców w Polsce, [w:] A. Chmielecka (red.), Od migracji do integracji, Vademecum, Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka, Warszawa, s. 123–170.

Wanicka Olga 2024, Infrastruktura migracyjna w Polsce i jej wielowymiarowość na przykładzie filipińskiego vloga YouTube, Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny, vol. 1, nr 191, s. 59–81.

Zhang Juan, Yeoh Brenda S.A., Kamalini Ramdas 2017, Self-fashioning Exceptionality: Flexible Workers in Singapore’s Casino Resorts, Asian Anthropology, vol. 16, nr 1, s. 4–19.

Źródła internetowe:

Carvalho Raquel 2024, Filipinos in Hong Kong were promised a new life in Poland. It never came, Aljazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/27/filipinos-in-hong-kong-were-promised-a-new-life-in-poland-it-never-came (dostęp: 20.02.2024).

Dramat Filipińczyków z fabryki w Rąbieniu (Gazeta Wyborcza), https://classic.wyborcza.pl/archiwumGW/7007025/Dramat-Filipinczykow-z-fabryki-w-Rabieniu (dostęp: 11.03.2024).

Filipinki w polskim obozie pracy (Uwaga), https://uwaga.tvn.pl/reportaze/filipinki-w-polskim-obozie-pracy-ls6692406 (dostęp: 11.03.2024).

Lębork – pośrednik zwalnia Filipińczyków (Głos Pomorza), https://gp24.pl/lebork-posrednik-zwalnia-filipinczykow/ar/10248658 (dostęp: 10.03.2024).

Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych,

https://web.archive.org/web/20100103195745/http://www.msz.gov.pl/Filipiny,21010.html (dostęp: 08.03.2024).

Ugrešić Dubravka 2011, Filipinki – małe sprzęty domowe (Gazeta Wyborcza), https://wyborcza.pl/magazyn/7,124059,8887273,filipinki-male-sprzety-domowe.html (dostęp: 23.04.2024).

Wanicka Olga, Pawlak Mikołaj 2021, Filipiny – źródło taniego zysku (Gazeta Wyborcza), https://wyborcza.pl/7,75968,27018836,jak-ferdynand-magellan-odkryl-filipiny-dla-polskich-przedsiebiorcow.html (dostęp: 10.04.2024).

Zezwolenia na pracę cudzoziemców (Departament rynku pracy, Ministerstwo Pracy, Rodziny i Polityki Społecznej), https://psz.praca.gov.pl/-/8180075-zezwolenia-na-prace-cudzoziemcow (dostęp: 10.04.2024).

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2024 Etnografia Polska