Abstrakt
This article analyses how material, industrially produced, goods are acquired through schools by E’ñepá Indians in Venezuelan Amazonia. Based on ethnographic fieldwork the author shows how Indians use school goods to build social position in a traditional way. Contrary to a popular hypothesis, school education does not contribute to acculturation – Indian teachers do not become agents of cultural change. They are however persons who are able to familiarize tattó (“White people”) and thereby they take control over the flow of goods from national societies. In this way school becomes a place which represents the abundance of material goods, and the teacher becomes their master and donor.
Bibliografia
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Mestrado em Antropologia Social, Brasília.
B u l i ń s k i Ta r z y c j u s z, K a i r s k i M a r i u s z 2006, Élites aparentes. Sociedades de tipo simple
en el mundo contemporáneo. Maestros y líderes de las organizaciones indígenas entre los E’ñepá
y Matsigenka, Estudios Latinoamericanos, t. 27, s. 101–138.
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from the Venezuelan Amazon, Ethnologia Polona, vol. 31–32, s. 221–238.
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Drugie, 4(154), s. 48–69.
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communal entre los machiguengas del Bajo Urubamba, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú/
Fondo Editorial and Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, Lima.
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Brazil, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Anthropology, The London School of Economics and Political
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of materiality and personhood, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
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A construção da pessoa nas sociedades indígenas brasileiras, [w:] J.P. de Oliveira Filho (red.),
Sociedades indígenas e indigenismo no Brasil, Marco Zero/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro.
S t r a t h e r n M a r y l i n 1988, The gender of the gift: Problems with women and problems with
society in Melanesia, University of California Press, Berkeley.
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V i l a ç a A p a r e c i d a M. N. 2002, Making kin out of others in Amazonia, Journal of The Royal
Anthropological Institute, vol. 8, no. 2, s. 347–365.
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Brasil, [w:] Educación, escuelas y culturas indínas de America Latina, red. E. Amodio, t.II, Quito
1988, s. 125–152.
A s s i s E n e i d a C o r r e i a d e 1981, Escola indígena: uma “frente ideológica”? Dissertação de
Mestrado em Antropologia Social, Brasília.
B u l i ń s k i Ta r z y c j u s z, K a i r s k i M a r i u s z 2006, Élites aparentes. Sociedades de tipo simple
en el mundo contemporáneo. Maestros y líderes de las organizaciones indígenas entre los E’ñepá
y Matsigenka, Estudios Latinoamericanos, t. 27, s. 101–138.
B u l i ń s k i Ta r z y c j u s z 2010–2011, School and social development among the E’ñepá Indians
from the Venezuelan Amazon, Ethnologia Polona, vol. 31–32, s. 221–238.
– 2015a, Rysowanie słów. Praktyki pisania wśród Indian E’ñepá (Amazonia wenezuelska), Teksty
Drugie, 4(154), s. 48–69.
– 2015b, Obraz świata Indian E’ñepá (Amazonia wenezuelska), Sensus Historiae, vol. 21, s. 29–52.
D a g e t t J a m e s, W i s e M a r y R. 1992, The social consequences of literacy in some ethnic groups
of the Peruvian Amazon, Notes on Literacy, vol. 18 (4), s. 1–14.
D a v i s P a t r i c i a 2002, Los machiguengas aprenden a leer. Breve historia de la educación y el desarollo
communal entre los machiguengas del Bajo Urubamba, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú/
Fondo Editorial and Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, Lima.
E w a r t E l i s a b e t h 2000, Living with each other: Selves and alters amongst the Panará of Central
Brazil, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Anthropology, The London School of Economics and Political
Science, University of London.
F e r r e i r a M a r i a n a K a w a l l L e a l 2015, Mapping time, space and the body. Indigenous knowledge and mathematical thinking in Brazil, Sense Publishers, Rotterdam.
G o d o y R i c a r d o, K a r l a n D e a n, R a b i n d r a n S h a n t i, H u a n c a T h o m a s 2005, Do
modern forms of human capital matter in primitive economies? Comparative evidence from
Bolivia, Economics of Education Review, no. 24, s. 45–53.
G o r d o n C e s a r 2003, Folhas pálidas: a incorporação Xikrin (Mebengokre) do dinheiro e das mercadorias. Doctoral Thesis in Social Anthropology, Museu Nacional, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, PPGAS-MN
G o w P e t e r 1991, Of mixed blood. Kinship and history in Peruvian Amazonia, Clarendon Press,
Oxford.
– 1997, O parentesco como consciência humana: o caso dos Piro, Mana, 3(2), s. 39–65.
H e n l e y P a u l 1982, The E’ñepá. Tradition and change on the Amazonian frontier, Yale University
Press, London.
– 1988, Los E’ńepa (E’ñepá), [w:] W. Coppens (red.), Los aborígenes de Venezuela, t.III, Caracas,
s. 215–306.
– 1994, E’ñepá, [w:] J. Wilbert (red.), Encyclopedia of world cultures 7: South America, G.K. Hall,
Boston (MA), s. 264–267.
M a t t e i - M ü l l e r, M a r i e - C l a u d e 1994, Diccionario ilustrado E’ñepá-espańol con índice espańolE’ñepá, Caracas.
S a n t o s - G r a n e r o F e r n a n d o (red.) 2009, The occult life of things: native Amazonian theories
of materiality and personhood, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
S e e g e r A n t h o n y, d a M a t t a R o b e r t o, V i v e i r o s d e C a s t r o E d u a r d o 1987,
A construção da pessoa nas sociedades indígenas brasileiras, [w:] J.P. de Oliveira Filho (red.),
Sociedades indígenas e indigenismo no Brasil, Marco Zero/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro.
S t r a t h e r n M a r y l i n 1988, The gender of the gift: Problems with women and problems with
society in Melanesia, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Tr u d e l l B a r b a r a 1993, Beyond the bilingual classroom: Literacy acquisition among Peruvian Amazon communities, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas.
V i l a ç a A p a r e c i d a M. N. 2002, Making kin out of others in Amazonia, Journal of The Royal
Anthropological Institute, vol. 8, no. 2, s. 347–365.
– 2005, Chronically unstable bodies: reflections on Amazonian Corporalities, Journal of The Royal
Anthropological Institute, vol. 11, no. 3, s. 445–464.