W stronę teorii i historii kultury. Spojrzenie na teorię stylów myślowych Ludwika Flecka. Część III

Abstrakt

This article is the third and the last part of the discussion on Ludwik Fleck’s theory of thought styles and collectives. According to his ideas every perception is conditioned by the thought style. There is no neutral perception, it is always determinated by the cultural context and particular thought collectives. It applies also to the perception based on the common sense. This article presents several examples of how human body might be perceived by different thought collectives. The first one shows how “dead” metaphor manipulates the content of the perception, the other one highlights the relationship between the invention of individual, European individualism and the perception of the face. This article series dedicated to Ludwik Fleck was supposed to discuss his ideas, which seem to be very interesting for ethnologists and anthropologists. From the theoretical point of view, Fleck ideas may inspire or supplement the theory of culture. His concepts might be used by various humanities, especially that he relates them to the context of ‘primitive cultures’. The theory of thought styles and collectives might be applied to the research on theory of cognition, cultural aspects of nature, theory of sight, common sense, cultural change, socialization, circulation of knowledge in the society, analysis of meanings, etc. The scope of problems discussed by Ludwik Fleck is very wide and quite interesting for social scientists.