Published: 2010-11-21

W stronę teorii i historii kultury. Spojrzenie na teorię stylów myślowych Ludwika Flecka. Część II

Michał Rydlewski

Abstract

This article is the second part of the discussion on Ludwik Fleck, the author of The genesis and
development a scientifict fact. In this paper I discuss several research areas mentioned in the previous
article, such as common knowledge and the theory of perception. I believe they can only be properly
understood by using the Fleck’s concept of individual as well as the meaning.
According to Fleck, a member of modern society lives in several thought collectives. Each individual
participates in the collective of common knowledge, which is formed by simplified scientific knowl-
edge and the circulation of thoughts. On its way from the scientific journal to the school handbook the
subjective author’s view is being changed into proven scientific fact. Before someone becomes an expert
and a member of esoteric circle of particular field or domain, he or she is just a laic, who goes to school
and learns from the handbooks.
MICHAŁ RYDLEWSKI88
Fleck, several decades before Norwood Hanson, pointed out the relation between scientific discover-
ies and the perception showing that the observation is related to the theory. Fleck’s theory of perception
is similar to that of Ludwig Wittgenstein, then used by Hanson. Fleck argued that without the knowledge
it’s impossible to perceive, you can look at something, but you don’t see it. It seems like the perception
is the matter of mentality and the knowledge is being provided by the thought collective. The novelty
of Fleck’s theory was the role of metaphors in the creation of perceived figures. There is no observations
uninfluenced by the thinking, according to Fleck, it also applies to the common sense

Keywords:

thought collectives, thought styles, sociology of knowledge, theory of culture, theory of vision, common sense

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Rydlewski, M. (2010). W stronę teorii i historii kultury. Spojrzenie na teorię stylów myślowych Ludwika Flecka. Część II . Etnografia Polska, 54, 65–88. Retrieved from https://journals.iaepan.pl/ep/article/view/3269

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