Glass melting experiments in the reconstruction of glass furnace from the 9th century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23858/APol65.2020.006Słowa kluczowe:
Experimental melts, historical glass, furnace from the 9th c., SEM/EDS and XRF analysisAbstrakt
The authors research and publish the results from a glass melting experiments conducted in a reconstruction of a historic wood-fired furnace from the 9th c. during the 2017–2019 period. The experiments focused on soda-lime glass and were implemented as pilot for the planned, long-term and annual experimentations in the Archeopark in Hanušovce nad Topľou. Experimental glass batches were weighed according to the composition of glass from archaeological samples from the 9th c., as well as according to the model soda ash glass. The aim was to obtain experimental data to verify archaeometric research of historical glass. The study focused on the possible use of a wood-fired furnace in the melting glass from glass batches, the effects of ash on the composition of glass, remelting of glass cullet, penetration of elements from crucible and flue gases into molten glass, causes of different quality of glass remelting or colouring with added CuO and MnO. Another aim of the study was to compare the results of the glass analyses from the SEM/EDS and XRF method, which we later interpret in historical contexts.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Barkoudah Y. , Henderson J . 2006, Plant ashes from Syria and the manufacture of Ancient glass: Ethnographic and scientific aspects, „Journal of Glass Studies”, 48, pp. 297–321.
Černá E . , Hulínský V. , Gedeon O. 2001, Výpověď mikroanalýz vzorků skel z raného středověku, Sum.: Microprobe analyses results of early medieval glass specimens, „Archeologické rozhledy”, 53, pp. 59–89.
Dekówna M . 1980, Szkło w Europie wczesnośredniowiecznej, Sum.: Glass in early medieval Europe, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków–Gdańsk.
Dekówna M . , Olczak J . eds 2002, Principes de description des verres anciens depuis les temps les plus reculés jusq’au XIIIe siècle de n.è. (D’après l’analyse du matériel archéologique du Centre, de l’Est et du Sud-Est de l’Europe et de la Transcaucasie), Warszawa–Toruń.
Dussubieux L . , Gratuze B. , Blet-Lemarquand M . 2010, Mineral soda alumina glass: occurence and meaning, „Journal of Archaeological Science”, 37, pp. 1646–1655.
Farkaš Z . , Turčan V. 1998, Včasnostredoveká sklárska pec v Bratislave na Devínskej Kobyle, Sum.: Frühmittelalterlicher Glasofen in Bratislava auf Devínska Kobyla, „Slovenská archeológia”, 46/1, pp. 31–54.
Schibille N . , 2011, Late byzantine mineral soda high alumina glasses from Asia Minor: A new primary glass production group, „PLoS ONE”, 6(4): e18970, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018970.
Schibille N . , Freestone I . C . 2013, Composition, production and procurement of glass at San Vincenzo al Volturno: An early medieval monastic complex in southern Italy, „PLoS ONE”, 8(10): e/6479, doi:10.13/1/journal.pone.0076479.
Schibille N . , Sterrett-Krause A . , Freestone I . C . 2017, Glass groups, glass supplay and recycling in Late Roman Carthage, „Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences”, 9/6, pp. 1223–1241.
Siegmann M . 2006, Bunte Pracht – die Perlen der frühmittelalterlichen Gräberfelder von Liebenau, Kreis Nienbrug/Weser, und Dörverden, Kreis Verden/Aller. Chronologie der Gräber, Entwicklung und Trageweise des Perlenschmucks, Technik der Perlen, 5, Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas, 28. Beier.
Staššíková-Štukovská D. 2017, Natron and Plant-Ash Glasses in the middle Danube region during the Early Middle Ages, [in:] Annales du 20e Congrès de l’Association Internationale pour l’Histoire du Verrre, Fribourg/Romont 7–11 septembre 2015, Romont, pp. 366–373.
Staššíková-Štukovská D. in the press, Bola v bratislavskej sklárskej peci panva, pernica alebo sklárska vaňa?, Sum.: Did the Bratislava glassmaking furnace contain a melting pot, „pernica“ or melting tank?, [in:] Krajinou archeologie, krajinou skla, Studie věnované PhDr. Evě Černé, K. Tomková, N. Venclová eds, Most–Praha.
Staššíková-Štukovská D. , Plško A . 1997, Typologische und technologische Aspekte der Perlen von Borovce, [in:] Perlen. Archäologie, Artikel, Analysen, U. von Freeden, A. Wieczorek eds, Bonn, pp. 259–278.
Staššíková-Štukovská D. , Ungerman Š . 2009, „Olivovité“ koráliky – terminologické poznámky a makroskopické pozorovania nálezov z pohrebiska v Dolných Věstoniciach, Zusamm.: Olivenförmige Perlen – terminologische Anmerkungen und makroskopische Beobachtungen von Funden aus dem Gräberfeld in Dolní Věstonice, Študijné zvesti, 45, pp. 39–57.
Surovec J . 1998, Posúdenie sklárskej pece z technologického hľadiska, „Slovenská archeológia”, 46/1, pp. 43–44
Szőke B . M . , Wedepohl K . H . , Kronz A . 2004, Silver-stained windows at Carolingian Zalavár, Mosaburg (southwestern Hungary), „Journal of Glass Studies”, 46, pp. 85–104.
Tomková K . 2007, Olivovité korálky v Čechách z pohledu dějin jejich studia, Zusamm.: Olivenförmige Perlen in Böhmen aus forschungsgeschichtlicher Sicht, „Archeologie ve Středních Čechách”, 11, pp. 531–548.
